鍦║NIX緋葷粺甯哥敤鍛戒護鏍煎紡錛?
command [flags] [argument1] [argument2] ...
鍏朵腑flags浠?寮濮嬶紝澶氫釜flags鍙敤涓涓?榪炶搗鏉ワ紝濡俵s -l -a 涓巐s -la鐩稿悓銆?
鏍規嵁鍛戒護鐨勪笉鍚岋紝鍙傛暟鍒嗕負鍙夌殑鎴栧繀欏葷殑錛涙墍鏈夌殑鍛戒護浠庢爣鍑嗚緭鍏ユ帴鍙楄緭鍏ワ紝杈撳嚭緇撴灉鏄劇ず鍦ㄦ爣鍑嗚緭鍑猴紝鑰岄敊璇俊鎭垯鏄劇ず鍦ㄦ爣鍑嗛敊璇緭鍑鴻澶囥傚彲浣跨敤閲嶅畾鍚戝姛鑳藉
榪欎簺璁懼榪涜閲嶅畾鍚戙?鍙?/p>
鍛戒護鍦ㄦ甯告墽琛岀粨鏋滃悗榪斿洖涓涓?鍊鹼紝濡傛灉鍛戒護鍑洪敊鍙湭瀹屽叏瀹屾垚錛屽垯榪斿洖涓涓?
闈為浂鍊?鍦╯hell涓彲鐢ㄥ彉閲??鏌ョ湅). 鍦╯hell script涓彲鐢ㄦ榪斿洖鍊間綔涓烘帶鍒墮昏緫
鐨勪竴閮ㄥ垎銆?
娉細涓嶅悓鐨刄NIX鐗堟湰鐨刦lags鍙兘鏈夋墍涓嶅悓銆?
1銆佷笌鐢ㄦ埛鐩稿叧鐨勫懡浠?
1.1 login
(鍦↙INUX Redhat涓嬫鍛戒護鍔熻兘涓嶴olaris/BSD涓嶅悓錛屾墽琛宭ogin浼氶鍑哄綋鍓嶄換鍔?.
login:
Password:
鐩稿叧鏂囦歡錛?
鍦ㄤ笅闈㈢殑榪欎簺鏂囦歡涓瀹歴hell榪愯鏃跺繀瑕佺殑璺緞,緇堢綾誨瀷,鍏朵粬鍙橀噺鎴栫壒孌婄▼搴?
$HOME/.profile (Bourne shell, sh, bash)
$HOME/.cshrc (csh, tcsh)
$HOME/.tcshrc (tcsh)
/etc/passwd鏂囦歡涓垪鍑烘瘡涓敤鎴風殑shell
/etc/csh.cshrc
/etc/csh.login
/etc/profile (Bourne shell, bash)
/etc/login (Bourne shell, bash)
csh: /etc/csh.cshrc鍜?HOME/.cshrc姣忔鎵ц閮戒細璇誨彇錛?
鑰?etc/csh.login鍜?HOME/.login鍙湁娉ㄥ唽shell鎵嶆墽琛?
淇敼鐩稿簲鏂囦歡鍚庝嬌鐢?source .cshrc浣胯兘鐩稿叧淇敼錛屽鏋滀慨鏀逛簡path鍒?
榪橀渶浣跨敤rehash鍒鋒柊鍙墽琛屾枃浠秇ash琛ㄣ?
tcsh: $HOME/.tcshrc, 娌℃湁浜涙枃浠惰鍙?cshrc
sh: /etc/profile鍜?HOME/.profile娉ㄥ唽shell
bash: /etc/profile鍜?HOME/.bash_profile娉ㄥ唽shell璇誨彇
.bashrc浜や簰寮忛潪娉ㄥ唽shell鎵嶈鍙栥?
鍦╯h/bash涓嬫墜宸ユ墽琛岀浉鍏蟲枃浠?
. /etc/profile
鐩稿叧鏂囦歡鎵ц欏哄簭
sh: /etc/profile -> $HOME/.profile
csh/tcsh: /etc/csh.cshrc -> /etc/csh.login -> $HOME/.cshrc
-> $HOME/.login
鍙橀噺鐨勮緗?
sh/bash: TERM=vt100; export TERM
OR: export TERM=vt100 (bash)
csh: setenv TERM vt100
甯哥敤鍙橀噺:
(1)Backspace $HOME/.profile $HOME/.cshrc
stty erase ^H
(2)umask 鏂板緩鏂囦歡鎴栫洰褰曠殑淇濇姢灞炴?
(3)TERM
(4)鍒囧繉PATH涓姞鍏?.
1.2. rlogin
涓巘elnet綾諱技,榪炴帴鍒拌繙紼嬩富鏈?
rlogin remotehost [ -l loginname ]
Or:
rsh [-l loginname] remotehost [command ]
鐩稿叧鏂囦歡:
榪滅▼涓繪満鐨?/etc/hosts.equiv 鍜?$HOME/.rhosts
鐩稿叧緗戠粶閰嶇疆鏂囦歡:
/etc/inetd.conf鏂囦歡涓殑r緋葷粺鏈嶅姟.Redhat涓嬩負shell, login, exec, 瀵瑰簲
鐨勭綉緇滃畧鎶よ繘紼?daemon)涓篿n.rshd, in.rlogind, in.rexecd.
寤鴻: 浠庡畨鍏ㄨ搴﹀嚭鍙?鍏抽棴r緋誨垪鏈嶅姟.
1.3. telnet
telnet remotehost [port]
鐩稿叧鏂囦歡:
/etc/inetd.conf鏂囦歡涓殑telnet鏈嶅姟.
/etc/issue.net
TIPS: strings /usr/sbin/in.telnetd |egrep issue
1.4. passwd 鏇存敼鍙ｄ護
1.5 exit 閫鍑哄綋鍓峴hell
2. 鍛戒護鎴栨枃浠剁殑鏌ユ壘
鐩稿叧shell鍙橀噺:
csh/tcsh: $path
.cshrc set path=(/usr/bin /usr/local/bin $path)
sh/bash: $PATH
.profile .bash_profile
PATH=/usr/local/bin:$PATH; export PATH
2.1 which
Syntax: which command
which涓篵ash/tcsh鍐呭甫鍛戒護
[hbwork@toshiba]$ which which
which: shell built-in command.
2.2 where(tcsh)
Syntax: where command
2.3 locate (LINUX)
Syntax: locate filename
鐩稿叧鍛戒護: updatedb鏇存敼locate鏂囦歡鍚嶆暟鎹簱
3. 鏌ョ湅鍛戒護鐨勭敤娉?
man
鐩稿叧鏂囦歡:
/etc/man.config
4. 綆＄悊鍛樺父鐢ㄥ懡浠?
4.1 install
鐢ㄤ簬瀹夎涓涓柊鐨勫懡浠ゆ垨daemon絳? 涓鑸儏鍐典笅鍙互涓嶇敤,浣嗗緢澶氳蔣浠跺湪鍏跺畨瑁?
shell script涓嬌鐢╥nstall灝嗙洰鏍囨枃浠跺鍒跺埌鐩稿簲鐨勭洰褰曞茍璁劇疆姝ｇ‘鐨勫睘鎬х瓑.
NAME
install - copy files and set their attributes
SYNOPSIS
install [options] [-s] [--strip] source dest
install [options] [-s] [--strip] source... directory
install [options] [-d,--directory] directory...
Options:
[-c] [-g group] [-m mode] [-o owner] [--group=group]
[--mode=mode] [--owner=owner] [--help] [--version]
4.2 shutdown
涓嶅悓鐨剈nix鍙傛暟涓嶅敖鐩稿悓,鍦╨inux涓嬪父鐢ㄥ涓嬫柟寮忓叧鏈?
shutdown -h now
shutdown -r now (絳夊悓浜巖eboot)
4.3 halt
poweroff
鍏蟲満,鍦ㄥ鐢ㄦ埛鏂瑰紡涓?Runlevel 3)涓嶅緩璁嬌鐢?
4.4 ulimit
korn shell鍜宐ourne shell涓彲鐢ㄦ鍛戒護,鍦╟sh緋誨垪涓浉搴旂殑鍛戒護涓簂imit.
鐢ㄤ簬闄愬埗姣忎釜榪涚▼鍙嬌鐢ㄧ殑緋葷粺璧勬簮,閫氬父鍒嗕袱縐嶉檺鍒?
. Hard limits 緋葷粺鎵瀹氫箟鐨勮祫婧?鍙湁root鑳芥洿鏀?
. 杞檺鍒?瀵規柊寤鴻繘紼嬫墍浣跨敤鐨勯檺鍒?鍙鍔犲埌緋葷粺鐨凥ard Limit.
Flags:
-a 鍒楀嚭杞檺鍒?
-Ha 鍒楀嚭Hard Limit
-c size 璁劇疆coredump size鐨勫潡澶у皬
-t size cputime
-f size file size
4.5 umask 緋葷粺綆＄悊鍛樼敤浜庤緗敤鎴烽粯璁ょ殑umask鍊?
5.涓庤繘紼嬬浉鍏崇殑鍛戒護
榪涚▼鍩烘湰姒傚康: 榪涚▼涓庡懡浠ょ殑鎵ц鐩稿叧,浣嗗茍涓嶆槸涓涓瀵瑰簲; 涓鏉″懡浠ゅ彲鑳藉搴旇嫢騫?
涓繘紼?濡俿hell script, pipe絳?.浣嗘渶綆鍗曠殑鍛戒護涓巙mask鍙湁涓涓繘紼?
榪涚▼鍒嗙被:
.浜や簰寮忚繘紼?鍙互鍓嶅彴鎴栧悗鍙版墽琛?鍓嶅悗鍙板彲鍒囨崲
.鎵瑰鐞嗚繘紼?涓嶉氳繃緇堢鎻愪氦,涓鑸皢瀹冧滑鏀懼湪浠誨姟闃熷垪涓『搴忔墽琛? 濡傞氳繃
at 鍜?crontab鎻愪氦鐨勪換鍔?
.deamon:姘鎬笉緇堟鐨勮繘紼?絳夊緟鍝嶅簲鏉ヨ嚜鍏朵粬榪涚▼鐨勬湇鍔¤姹?濡俿endmail,
named(DNS), POP3鍙奱pache絳?
榪涚▼鐨勭浉鍏沖睘鎬?
PID
Real UID
Effective UID (SUID)
Real GID
Effective GID (SGID)
Priority(Nice Number)鎵ц鐨勪紭鍏堢駭
5.1 ps
Process Status, 鍒楀嚭褰撳墠榪愯鐨勮繘紼嬬姸鎬?鏍規嵁閫夐」涓嶅悓,鍙垪鍑烘墍鏈夌殑鎴栭儴鍒嗚繘紼?
. 鏃犻夐」鏃跺彧鍒楀嚭浠庡綋鍓嶇粓绔笂鍚姩鐨勮繘紼?SYSV)鎴栧綋鍓嶇敤鎴?$USER)鐨勮繘紼?BSD),
涓嶅悓鐨刄NIX鐗堟湰涔嬮棿鏈夊樊鍒? linux浣跨敤BSD鐗堟湰鐨刾s
. BSD鐗堟湰ps鍛戒護浣跨敤鏂規硶:
ps
ps aux 鍒楀嚭緋葷粺涓墍鏈夌殑榪涚▼鐨勮緇嗘儏鍐?
ps aux |egrep inetd
杈撳嚭淇℃伅鍐呭:
PID
Terminal 濡傛棤鐩稿簲緇堢鍒欎負-
cpu time
UserID or Username
榪涚▼鍚姩鏃墮棿鎴栨棩鏈?
榪涚▼鐘舵?Stat: S(leep) R(unnable) D(uninterrupt sleep) Z(ombie)
W 榪涚▼娌℃湁椹葷暀欏甸潰, N: 榪涚▼鐨刵ice鍊間負璐熷?
5.2 kill
kill [-signal] PID
kill -l 鍒楀嚭鍙敤淇″彿閲?
甯哥敤淇℃伅閲?
-HUP (1) 閲嶅惎榪涚▼
ps ax |egrep inetd
kill -HUP銆pid_of_inetd
-KILL (9) 寮哄埗涓
PID鍙栧煎惈涔?
>0 鎸囩壒瀹氳繘紼?瀹為檯榪涚▼)
=0 鍚岀粍鐢ㄦ埛鐨勬墍鏈塸rocess(PGID)
=-1 Effective UID = 鎵ц鍛戒護鐢ㄦ埛涔媢id
<0 && !=1 鍙栫粷瀵瑰間箣榪涚▼
5.3 nice
鐢ㄤ簬鏀瑰彉涓涓垨澶氫釜榪涚▼鐨勪紭鍏堢駭; 浣嗗彧鏈塺oot鎴栨彁楂樿繘紼嬬殑浼樺厛綰? 鏅氱敤鎴峰彧鑳?
闄嶄綆榪涚▼鐨勪紭鍏堢駭.
nice鐢ㄨ礋鏁拌〃紺烘彁楂樹紭鍏堢駭,鑰屾鏁拌〃鏄庨檷浣庝紭鍏堢駭,閫氬父姝ゅ艱寖鍥存槸-20~20.
濡傛湭鎸囧畾鎻愰珮浼樺厛綰?nice浼氶檷浣庢垨涓嶆敼鍙樿繘紼嬬殑浼樺厛綰? 褰撶劧濡傛灉娌℃湁鏉冮檺鐨勮瘽
榪涚▼鐨勪紭鍏堢駭涓嶄細鏈変換浣曟敼鍙?
涓鑸儏鍐典笅鎴戜滑鐢╪ice鏉ラ檷浣庡悗鍙拌繘紼嬬殑浼樺厛綰?榛樿浼樺厛綰т負10).
nice find . -name "*.c" -print &
nice 16 find . -name "*.c" -print &
5.4 wait
wait PID
絳夊緟浣滀笟緇撴潫,鍙傛暟涓簆id,鍦╯hell script涓湁鏃剁敤鍒?
5.5 nohup
nohup command &
5.6 sleep
sleep seconds
榪涚▼鍓嶅悗鍙板垏鎹? Ctrl-Z, fg, bg
6. 閫氳
6.1 ftp
6.2 mailx
6.3 minicom (涓插彛緇堢,MODEM)
7. 鏂囦歡姣旇緝
cmp
comm
diff (鐢ㄤ簬姣旇緝鏂囨湰鏂囦歡)
diff3 (姣旇緝3涓枃浠?
sdiff
8. 鏂囦歡鎿嶄綔
touch 鍒涘緩鏂囦歡,淇敼鏂囦歡鏃ユ湡絳?
chmod
chwon
chgrp
rm 鎱庣敤 rm -rf
mv 縐誨姩鏂囦歡鎴栨敼鍚?
cp cp -r 澶嶅埗鐩綍
cat
rcp 榪滅▼澶嶅埗
ln 榛樿鎯呭喌涓嬩負紜繛鎺?姣忎釜鏂囦歡鍏鋒湁鐩稿悓鐨刬node
ln -s sourcefile targetfile
9. 鐩綍鎿嶄綔
mkdir [-p] [-m mode] directory
rmdir [-p] directory
10. 鏂囦歡淇℃伅鍛戒護
ls
find
鏈鍩烘湰鐨勫姛鑳芥槸鏌ユ壘涓涓枃浠跺悕鎴栫洰褰曪紝甯哥敤鏍煎紡濡備笅錛?
find . -print (綾諱技浜?ls -lR)
find鍙嬌鐢ㄥ涓嬪睘鎬ц繘琛屾煡鎵撅細
-name 鏌ユ壘鏂囦歡鍚嶏紝鍚氶厤絎??鐨勬枃浠跺悕鐢ㄥ紩鍙鋒嫭璧鋒潵
-perm 00x000 鍏繘鍒舵枃浠跺睘鎬?
-atime n n澶╀箣鍓嶈闂繃鐨勬枃浠?
-mtime n n澶╀箣闂翠慨鏀硅繃鐨勬枃浠?
-ctime n 鏂囦歡鐨勭姸鎬佸湪n鍓嶄箣闂翠慨鏀硅繃
-exec command 濡傚懡浠ょ殑榪斿洖浠ｇ爜涓洪浂(鎵懼埌鐩稿簲鐨勬枃浠?鍒欑湡錛宑ommand蹇呴』浠?
\; 緇撴灉錛屾澶栧湪鍛戒護鐨勬墽琛屼腑 {} 涓烘煡鎵懼埌鐨勬枃浠惰礬寰勫悕
-ok command 涓巈xec鐩哥被浼鹼紝浣嗗湪鎵ц姣忎釜鍛戒護涔嬮棿瑕佹眰鐢ㄦ埛紜
-print 鎵撳嵃褰撳墠璺緞鍚?
-newer filename 濡傛枃浠剁殑鏈鍚庝慨鏀規棩鏈熻緝filename鏂板垯涓虹湡
-type c c=[b,c,d,l,p,f]鏂囦歡綾誨瀷
-user username 濡傛枃浠剁殑灞炰富涓簎sername鍒欎負鐪?
-nouser 鏂囦歡灞炰富鍦?etc/passwd鏂囦歡涓笉瀛樺湪
-group grouname 鏂囦歡緇?
閫昏緫榪愮畻絎︼細 -a -o !
紺哄垪錛?
find $HOME \( -name a.out -o -name "*.o" \) -atime +7 -exec rm {} \;
find . -atime 0 -print
find / .name .profile -print
find . -perm 777 -a -mtime 7 -exec chmod 755 {} \;
file
more
less
tail (tail -f filename)
head
wc
read 鐢ㄤ簬shell緙栫▼
col
pg (SYSV)
11. 緙栬緫鍣?
vi
ed
joe
12. 鏂囦歡鍐呭鏌ユ壘
grep
egrep
姝ｈ琛ㄨ揪寮? . * ^ $ + ? []
strings
13. 浠誨姟璋冨害
at
atq 鍒楀嚭闃熷垪涓殑浠誨姟
crontab
14. 瀛樺偍,褰掔撼鍙婂帇緙?
compress .Z
uncompress .Z
cpio
dd dd if=inputfile of=outputfile
dd if=boot.img of=/dev/fd0H1440
pack .z 30%-50%鏂囨湰鏂囦歡
pcat pact file.z
gzip .gz
gunzip
tar tar -[txc]vf targetfile [sourcefile]
tar -cvf target.tar sourcefilelist
tar -tvf target.tar [filename]
tar -xvf target.tar [filename]
GNU TAR:
tar -zcvf target.tar.gz sourcefilelist
tar -zxvf target.tar.gz [filelist]
tar -ztvf target.tar.gz [filelist]
zcat .Z
uuencode
uudecode
15. 鍏朵粬鍛戒護
date
env
unix2dos (linux娌℃湁)
dos2unix
uname
uptime
free
time
top
16. 鏂囨湰澶勭悊
cut
fmt 姣忚鏍煎紡杞寲涓?2鍒?鐢ㄤ簬閭歡鏍煎紡鍖?
fold 鎶樿澶勭悊,涓琛屽埌澶氳,涓鑸負80鍒?
join
paste
sort
tr
tr '\"' '' < file1
#!/bin/sh
for i in *
do
mv $i `echo $i |tr /[a-z]/[A-Z]/`
done
uniq 鎶ュ憡/鍒犻櫎鏂囦歡涓浉鍚岀殑澶嶅埗琛?
sed 嫻佺紪杈戝櫒
sed 's/96/tt/' student.txt
awk
awk '{print $1" "$2}' sourcefile
awk -f class.awk student.txt > linux-student.txt
鏂囦歡class.awk鍐呭濡備笅錛?
#
#class.awk
#
BEGIN {printf "%-12s%s\n","鐝駭","瀛﹀彿 濮撳悕";
printf "-------------------------------------------\n\n"}
/[1-9]+\B*$/ {class=$0}
/^9[5-8]+/ {printf "%-12s%s\n", class,$0 | "sort"}
#Enf of class.awk
awk -f traffic.awk traffic.txt
鏂囦歡traffic.awk鍐呭濡備笅錛?
#
#traffic.awk
#
{ if ( $2 < 10000 ) t_0 += $2;
if ( $2 > 10000 && $2 < 50000) t_10 += $2;
if ( $2 > 50000 && $2 < 100000) t_50 += $2;
if ( $2 > 100000) t_100 += $2;
total += $2 }
END {printf "t_0 = %dKB %5.2f\%\n",t_0,t0*100/total;
printf "t_10 = %dKB %5.2f\%\n",t_10,t10*100/total;
printf "t_50 = %dKB %5.2f\% \n",t_50,t_50*100/total;
printf "t_100 = %dKB %5.2f\%\n",t_100,t_100*100/total;
printf "Total = %dKB\n", total}
#End of traffic.awk
17. 緗戠粶閰嶇疆鍛戒護鍙婃晠闅滄帓闄ゅ懡浠?
17.1 ifconfig
Interface Config , 緗戝崱閰嶇疆鍛戒護, 鐩稿叧鏂囦歡:/proc/net/dev
璇︾粏浣跨敤璇存槑: man ifconfig
紺轟緥:
#ifconfig
lo Link encap:Local Loopback
緗戝崱鏍囪瘑 灝佽綾誨瀷: 鏈湴鍥炵幆
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Bcast:127.255.255.255 Mask:255.0.0.0
IP鍦板潃:127.0.0.1 騫挎挱鍦板潃:127.255.255.255 瀛愮綉鎺╃爜:255.0.0.0
UP BROADCAST LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:3584 Metric:1
宸插惎鍔?鎺ュ彈騫挎挱 鏈湴鍥炵幆 姝ｅ湪榪愯 鏈澶т紶杈撳崟鍏? 3584 璺敱璺濈鍚戦噺:1
RX packets:718 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
宸叉帴鍙楁暟鎹寘:718
TX packets:718 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
宸插彂閫佹暟鎹寘:718
collisions:0
紕版挒:0
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:80:C8:4C:6A:D0
緗戝崱鏍囪瘑 灝佽綾誨瀷: Ethernet 紜歡(MAC)鍦板潃: 00:80:C8:4C:6A:D0
inet addr:202.118.66.81 Bcast:202.118.66.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
IP鍦板潃:202.118.66.81 騫挎挱鍦板潃:202.118.66.255 瀛愮綉鎺╃爜:255.255.255.0
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
宸插惎鍔?鎺ュ彈騫挎挱 姝ｅ湪榪愯 澶氱偣騫挎挱 鏈澶т紶杈撳崟鍏? 1500 璺敱璺濈鍚戦噺:1
RX packets:13900 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
宸叉帴鍙楁暟鎹寘:13900
TX packets:5859 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
宸插彂閫佹暟鎹寘:5859
collisions:0
紕版挒:0
Interrupt:10 Base address:0xe400
涓柇(IRQ):10 绔彛鍦板潃: 0xe400
#ifconfig eth0 鏄劇ずeth0鐨勭浉鍏充俊鎭?
#ifconfig -a 鏄劇ず鎵鏈夌綉緇滆澶囩殑閰嶇疆淇℃伅
#ifconfig eth0 down Down鎺塭th0
#ifconfig eth0 202.118.66.81 broadcast 202.118.66.255 [up]
#ifconfig eth0 202.118.66.81 broadcast 202.118.66.255 netmask 255.255.255.0
#ifconfig eth0 up
17.2 route
璺敱琛ㄧ淮鎶ゅ懡浠? 鐩稿叧鏂囦歡: /proc/net/route
$ /sbin/route
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
localnet * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 49 eth0
192.168.1.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 655 eth1
192.168.2.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 498 eth2
192.168.3.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 825 eth3
127.0.0.0 * 255.0.0.0 U 0 0 13 lo
default olive.dlut.edu. 0.0.0.0 UG 1 0 4834 eth0
#route add default gw 202.118.66.1
#route add default gw 202.118.66.1 eth0
#/sbin/route add -net 202.118.68.0 netmask 255.255.252.0 gw 202.118.66.16
#/sbin/rouet del default 202.118.66.1
#/sbin/route del -net 202.118.68.0 netmask 255.255.252.0 gw 202.118.66.16
17.3 netstat
鏄劇ず涓繪満褰撳墠璺敱琛? 鐩稿叧鏂囦歡: /proc/net/route
netstat -rn
/home/hbwork[102]netstat -rn
Routing Table:
Destination Gateway Flags Ref Use Interface
-------------------- -------------------- ----- ----- ------ ---------
202.118.70.27 202.118.66.16 UGHD 0 1
202.118.69.254 202.118.66.16 UGHD 0 1
202.118.68.243 202.118.66.16 UGHD 0 1
202.118.70.21 202.118.66.16 UGHD 0 0
202.118.71.10 202.118.66.16 UGHD 0 1
202.118.71.204 202.118.66.16 UGHD 0 1
202.118.68.160 202.118.66.16 UGHD 0 1
202.199.128.52 202.118.66.254 UGHD 0 2
202.118.68.66 202.118.66.16 UGHD 0 1
202.118.69.69 202.118.66.16 UGHD 0 1
202.118.69.228 202.118.66.16 UGHD 0 1
202.118.71.68 202.118.66.16 UGHD 0 1
202.118.70.37 202.118.66.16 UGHD 0 1
202.118.66.0 202.118.66.18 U 3 12259 hme0
224.0.0.0 202.118.66.18 U 3 0 hme0
default 202.118.66.1 UG 0 70354
127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 UH 0 41316 lo0
Destionation: 鐩爣緗戠粶鎴栦富鏈?
Gateway: 涓嬩竴涓礬鐢?璁や負璺濈鐩爣杈冭繎鐨勮礬鐢辯殑IP鍦板潃,鍦ㄦ暟鎹紶閫佹椂灝嗗彂寰
榪欎竴IP鍦板潃.
Flags:
U Router is up, 鐩爣鍙揪
H Specific router,鍒扮壒瀹氫富鏈虹殑璺敱
G 姝よ礬鐢變負鍏朵粬璺敱榪涜闂存帴璁塊棶鍒扮殑,濡傛灉娌℃湁G鏍囧織鍒欒〃鏄庣浉搴旂殑
璺敱鍣ㄦ垨涓繪満鏄洿鎺ヨ繛鎺ュ湪鐩稿簲鐨勮礬鐢卞櫒涓婄殑.
D 姝よ礬鐢辨槸ICMP鍗忚鐨勮礬寰勯噸瀹氬悜淇℃伅鎵寤虹珛鐨?
M 鐢盜CMP涔嬮噸瀹氬悜淇℃伅鎵淇敼
REFS: 鍦ㄦ璺敱涓婄幇鍦ㄦ鍦ㄤ嬌鐢ㄧ殑閾炬帴鏁?榪欎簺榪炴帴鍙兘鏄敱榪炵畫鏃墮棿杈冮暱鐨刦tp鎴?
telnet浠誨姟, 姣忎釜浣跨敤tcp鐨勬湇鍔℃垨搴旂敤鍦ㄦ墽琛屾椂姝ゅ垪鍊煎潎鍔?.
Use: 鑷猅CP/IP鍚姩浠ユ潵閫氳繃姝よ礬鐢卞櫒鐨勬暟鎹寘閲?
Interface: 緗戝崱閫昏緫鍚?UNIX涓嶅悓鍙栧悕涓嶅悓.
17.4 nslookup
Name Server Lookup, DNS鏈嶅姟鍣ㄨ瘖鏂伐鍏?
浣跨敤紺哄垪:
[hbwork@helius hbwork]$ nslookup www.dlut.edu.cn
Server: cedrus.dlut.edu.cn
Address: 202.118.66.6
Name: peony.dlut.edu.cn
Address: 202.118.66.18
Aliases: www.dlut.edu.cn
[hbwork@helius hbwork]$ nslookup
Default Server: cedrus.dlut.edu.cn
Address: 202.118.66.6
> www.dlut.edu.cn
Server: cedrus.dlut.edu.cn
Address: 202.118.66.6
Name: peony.dlut.edu.cn
Address: 202.118.66.18
Aliases: www.dlut.edu.cn
> set q=ns #鏌ヨ鐩稿簲鍩熺殑DNS鏈嶅姟鍣?
> dlut.edu.cn #杈撳叆瑕佹煡璇㈢殑鍩熷悕
Server: cedrus.dlut.edu.cn #榛樿鍩熷悕鏈嶅姟鍣ㄤ負cedrus.dlut.edu.cn
Address: 202.118.66.6 #鍙傝?etc/resolv.conf鏂囦歡
dlut.edu.cn nameserver = gingko.dlut.edu.cn
dlut.edu.cn nameserver = olive.dlut.edu.cn
dlut.edu.cn nameserver = cedrus.dlut.edu.cn
gingko.dlut.edu.cn internet address = 202.118.66.8
olive.dlut.edu.cn internet address = 202.118.68.1
olive.dlut.edu.cn internet address = 202.118.69.1
olive.dlut.edu.cn internet address = 202.118.70.1
olive.dlut.edu.cn internet address = 202.118.71.1
olive.dlut.edu.cn internet address = 202.118.66.16
cedrus.dlut.edu.cn internet address = 202.118.66.6
> dl.lnpta.net.cn #鏌ヨdl.lnpta.net.cn鐨勫煙鍚嶆湇鍔″櫒
Server: cedrus.dlut.edu.cn
Address: 202.118.66.6
Non-authoritative answer:
dl.lnpta.net.cn nameserver = ns.lnpta.net.cn
Authoritative answers can be found from:
ns.lnpta.net.cn internet address = 202.96.64.68
> server ns.lnpta.net.cn
Default Server: ns.lnpta.net.cn
Address: 202.96.64.68
server: ns.lnpta.net.cn
Address: 202.96.64.68
Non-authoritative answer:
www.dlut.edu.cn canonical name = peony.dlut.edu.cn
> dlut.edu.cn #鏌ヨ鍩焏lut.edu.cn鐨凪X璁板綍
Server: ns.lnpta.net.cn
Address: 202.96.64.68
Non-authoritative answer:
dlut.edu.cn preference = 1, mail exchanger = gingko.dlut.edu.cn
Authoritative answers can be found from:
dlut.edu.cn nameserver = gingko.dlut.edu.cn
dlut.edu.cn nameserver = CEDRUS.dlut.edu.cn
dlut.edu.cn nameserver = olive.dlut.edu.cn
gingko.dlut.edu.cn internet address = 202.118.66.8
CEDRUS.dlut.edu.cn internet address = 202.118.66.6
olive.dlut.edu.cn internet address = 202.118.71.1
olive.dlut.edu.cn internet address = 202.118.66.16
olive.dlut.edu.cn internet address = 202.118.68.1
olive.dlut.edu.cn internet address = 202.118.69.1
olive.dlut.edu.cn internet address = 202.118.70.1
> exit
17.5 ping
TCP/IP ICMP(Internet Control Message Protocol)璇婃柇宸ュ叿
ping [hostname|IpAddress]
Error Message: host unreachable
network unreachable
[hbwork@helius hbwork]$ ping 202.118.66.1
PING 202.118.66.1 (202.118.66.1): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 202.118.66.1: icmp_seq=0 ttl=255 time=23.1 ms
64 bytes from 202.118.66.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=255 time=2.1 ms
64 bytes from 202.118.66.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=255 time=1.9 ms
--- 202.118.66.1 ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 3 packets received, 0% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 1.9/9.0/23.1 ms
17.6 hostname
鏄劇ず鎴栬緗富鏈哄悕
17.7 domainname
鏄劇ず鎴栬緗富鏈哄煙鍚?
17.8 traceroute
Windows 95: tracert
traceroute hostname
traceroute destionation_ip_address
17.9 arp
鏄劇ず鎴栬緗浉搴斾富鏈?ip鍦板潃鐨刴ac鍦板潃
鐩稿叧鏂囦歡: /proc/net/arp
cat /proc/net/arp
$arp hostname
$arp -a
$arp ip_address
鏄劇ず鎴栬緗富鏈哄悕闇瑕乺oot鏉冮檺
#arp -s hostname eth_address [temp] [pub]
#arp -d hostname
#arp -d ip_address
#arp -f mac_ip_map_file 甯哥敤鏂囦歡鍚嶄負/etc/ether
]]>