锘??xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><rss version="2.0" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:trackback="http://madskills.com/public/xml/rss/module/trackback/" xmlns:wfw="http://wellformedweb.org/CommentAPI/" xmlns:slash="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/slash/"><channel><title>&#22269;&#20135;&#20122;&#27954;&#31934;&#21697;&#32654;&#22899;&#20037;&#20037;&#20037;&#20037;&#44;&#20122;&#27954;&#65;&#86;&#25104;&#20154;&#31934;&#21697;&#19968;&#21306;&#20108;&#21306;&#19977;&#21306;&#44;&#22269;&#20135;&#57;&#49;&#25104;&#20154;&#31934;&#21697;&#20122;&#27954;&#31934;&#21697;</title><link>http://www.tkk7.com/linder/category/46835.html</link><description>JavaEE鎶�鏈爺絀?/description><language>zh-cn</language><lastBuildDate>Tue, 02 Nov 2010 14:01:27 GMT</lastBuildDate><pubDate>Tue, 02 Nov 2010 14:01:27 GMT</pubDate><ttl>60</ttl><item><title>UML綆�浠?/title><link>http://www.tkk7.com/linder/articles/336870.html</link><dc:creator>楹熷痙</dc:creator><author>楹熷痙</author><pubDate>Tue, 02 Nov 2010 13:56:00 GMT</pubDate><guid>http://www.tkk7.com/linder/articles/336870.html</guid><wfw:comment>http://www.tkk7.com/linder/comments/336870.html</wfw:comment><comments>http://www.tkk7.com/linder/articles/336870.html#Feedback</comments><slash:comments>0</slash:comments><wfw:commentRss>http://www.tkk7.com/linder/comments/commentRss/336870.html</wfw:commentRss><trackback:ping>http://www.tkk7.com/linder/services/trackbacks/336870.html</trackback:ping><description><![CDATA[&nbsp; UML錛圲nified Modeling Language鐨勭緝鍐欙級緇熶竴寤烘ā璇█,鏄敤鏉ュ杞歡瀵嗛泦緋葷粺榪涜鍙鍖栧緩妯＄殑涓�縐嶈璦�銆俇ML涓洪潰鍚戝璞″紑鍙戠郴緇熺殑浜у搧榪涜璇存槑銆佸彲瑙嗗寲銆佸拰緙栧埗鏂囨。鐨勪竴縐嶆爣鍑嗚璦�銆?<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <strong>1 鍩烘湰綆�浠?/strong> <br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 緇熶竴寤烘ā璇█(UML)鏄潪涓撳埄鐨勭涓変唬寤烘ā鍜岃綰﹁璦�銆俇ML鏄湪寮�鍙戦樁孌碉紝璇存槑錛屽彲瑙嗗寲錛屾瀯寤哄拰涔﹀啓涓�涓潰鍚戝璞¤蔣浠跺瘑闆嗙郴緇熺殑鍒跺搧鐨勫紑鏀炬柟娉曘�俇ML灞曠幇浜嗕竴緋誨垪鏈�浣?jīng)_伐紼嬪疄璺碉紝榪欎簺鏈�浣?jīng)_疄璺靛湪瀵瑰ぇ瑙勬ā錛屽鏉傜郴緇熻繘琛屽緩妯℃柟闈?鐗瑰埆鏄湪杞歡鏋舵瀯灞傛宸茬粡琚獙璇佹湁鏁堛�?<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; UML鍙互璐┛杞歡寮�鍙戝懆鏈熶腑鐨勬瘡涓�涓樁孌點�傝OMG閲囩撼浣滀負涓氱晫鐨勬爣鍑嗐�?<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; UML鏈�閫備簬鏁版嵁寤烘ā錛屼笟鍔″緩妯★紝瀵硅薄寤烘ā錛岀粍浠跺緩妯°�?<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; UML浣滀負涓�縐嶆ā鍨嬭璦�錛屽畠浣垮紑鍙戜漢鍛樹笓娉ㄤ簬寤虹珛浜у搧鐨勬ā鍨嬪拰緇撴瀯錛岃�屼笉鏄�夌敤浠�涔堢▼搴忚璦�鍜岀畻娉曞疄鐜般�傚綋妯″瀷寤虹珛涔嬪悗錛屾ā鍨嬪彲浠ヨUML宸ュ叿杞寲鎴愭寚瀹氱殑紼嬪簭璇█浠ｇ爜銆?<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; IBM鐨凴ational Rose鍜孧S鐨刅isio閮芥槸UML宸ュ叿銆?<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 鍚屾椂榪樻湁涓�浜涘厤璐圭殑UML宸ュ叿錛歨ttp://java-source.net/open-source/uml-modeling <br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <strong>2 UML綆�浠?/strong> <br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 鍏鐨勯潰鍚戝璞″緩妯¤璦�鍑虹幇浜?0騫翠唬涓湡銆備粠1989騫村埌1994騫達紝鍏舵暟閲忎粠涓嶅埌鍗佺澧炲姞鍒頒簡浜斿崄澶氱銆傚湪浼楀鐨勫緩妯¤璦�涓紝璇█鐨勫垱閫犺�呭姫鍔涙帹宕囪嚜宸辯殑浜у搧錛屽茍鍦ㄥ疄璺典腑涓嶆柇瀹屽杽銆備絾鏄紝OO鏂規(guī)硶鐨勭敤鎴峰茍涓嶄簡瑙ｄ笉鍚屽緩妯¤璦�鐨勪紭緙虹偣鍙婄浉浜掍箣闂寸殑宸紓錛屽洜鑰屽緢闅炬牴鎹簲鐢ㄧ壒鐐歸�夋嫨鍚堥�傜殑寤烘ā璇█錛屼簬鏄垎鍙戜簡涓�鍦?#8220;鏂規(guī)硶澶ф垬&#8221;銆?0騫翠唬涓紝涓�鎵規(guī)柊鏂規(guī)硶鍑虹幇浜嗭紝鍏朵腑鏈�寮曚漢娉ㄧ洰鐨勬槸Booch 1993銆丱OSE鍜孫MT-2絳夈�?<br />
Booch鏄潰鍚戝璞℃柟娉曟渶鏃╃殑鍊″鑰呬箣涓�錛屼粬鎻愬嚭浜嗛潰鍚戝璞¤蔣浠跺伐紼嬬殑姒傚康銆?991騫達紝浠栧皢浠ュ墠闈㈠悜Ada鐨勫伐浣滄墿灞曞埌鏁翠釜闈㈠悜瀵硅薄璁捐棰嗗煙銆侭ooch 1993姣旇緝閫傚悎浜庣郴緇熺殑璁捐鍜屾瀯閫犮�?<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Rumbaugh絳変漢鎻愬嚭浜嗛潰鍚戝璞＄殑寤烘ā鎶�鏈紙OMT錛夋柟娉曪紝閲囩敤浜嗛潰鍚戝璞＄殑姒傚康錛屽茍寮曞叆鍚勭鐙珛浜庤璦�鐨勮〃紺虹銆傝繖縐嶆柟娉曠敤瀵硅薄妯″瀷銆佸姩鎬佹ā鍨嬨�佸姛鑳芥ā鍨嬪拰鐢ㄤ緥妯″瀷錛屽叡鍚屽畬鎴愬鏁翠釜緋葷粺鐨勫緩妯★紝鎵�瀹氫箟鐨勬蹇靛拰絎﹀彿鍙敤浜庤蔣浠跺紑鍙戠殑鍒嗘瀽銆佽璁″拰瀹炵幇鐨勫叏榪囩▼錛岃蔣浠跺紑鍙戜漢鍛樹笉蹇呭湪寮�鍙戣繃紼嬬殑涓嶅悓闃舵榪涜姒傚康鍜岀鍙風(fēng)殑杞崲銆侽MT-2鐗瑰埆閫傜敤浜庡垎鏋愬拰鎻忚堪浠ユ暟鎹負涓績鐨勪俊鎭郴緇熴�?<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Jacobson浜?994騫存彁鍑轟簡OOSE鏂規(guī)硶錛屽叾鏈�澶х壒鐐規(guī)槸闈㈠悜鐢ㄤ緥(Use-Case)錛屽茍鍦ㄧ敤渚嬬殑鎻忚堪涓紩鍏ヤ簡澶栭儴瑙掕壊鐨勬蹇點�傜敤渚嬬殑姒傚康鏄簿紜弿榪伴渶姹傜殑閲嶈姝﹀櫒錛屼絾鐢ㄤ緥璐┛浜庢暣涓紑鍙戣繃紼嬶紝鍖呮嫭瀵圭郴緇熺殑嫻嬭瘯鍜岄獙璇併�侽OSE姣旇緝閫傚悎鏀寔鍟嗕笟宸ョ▼鍜岄渶姹傚垎鏋愩�?<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 姝ゅ錛岃繕鏈塁oad/Yourdon鏂規(guī)硶錛屽嵆钁楀悕鐨凮OA/OOD錛屽畠鏄渶鏃╃殑闈㈠悜瀵硅薄鐨勫垎鏋愬拰璁捐鏂規(guī)硶涔嬩竴銆傝鏂規(guī)硶綆�鍗曘�佹槗瀛︼紝閫傚悎浜庨潰鍚戝璞℃妧鏈殑鍒濆鑰呬嬌鐢紝浣嗙敱浜庤鏂規(guī)硶鍦ㄥ鐞嗚兘鍔涙柟闈㈢殑灞�闄愶紝鐩墠宸插緢灝戜嬌鐢ㄣ�?<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 姒傛嫭璧鋒潵錛岄鍏堬紝闈㈠浼楀鐨勫緩妯¤璦�錛岀敤鎴風(fēng)敱浜庢病鏈夎兘鍔涘尯鍒笉鍚岃璦�涔嬮棿鐨勫樊鍒紝鍥犳寰堥毦鎵懼埌涓�縐嶆瘮杈冮�傚悎鍏跺簲鐢ㄧ壒鐐圭殑璇█錛涘叾嬈★紝浼楀鐨勫緩妯¤璦�瀹為檯涓婂悇鏈夊崈縐嬶紱絎笁錛岃櫧鐒朵笉鍚岀殑寤烘ā璇█澶у闆峰悓錛屼絾浠嶅瓨鍦ㄦ煇浜涚粏寰殑宸埆錛屾瀬澶у湴濡ㄧ浜嗙敤鎴蜂箣闂寸殑浜ゆ祦銆傚洜姝ゅ湪瀹㈣涓婏紝鏋佹湁蹇呰鍦ㄧ簿蹇冩瘮杈冧笉鍚岀殑寤烘ā璇█浼樼己鐐瑰強鎬葷粨闈㈠悜瀵硅薄鎶�鏈簲鐢ㄥ疄璺電殑鍩虹涓婏紝緇勭粐鑱斿悎璁捐灝忕粍錛屾牴鎹簲鐢ㄩ渶姹傦紝鍙栧叾綺懼崕錛屽幓鍏剁碂綺曪紝姹傚悓瀛樺紓錛岀粺涓�寤烘ā璇█銆?<br />
1994騫?0鏈堬紝Grady Booch鍜孞im Rumbaugh寮�濮嬭嚧鍔涗簬榪欎竴宸ヤ綔銆備粬浠鍏堝皢Booch 93鍜孫MT-2 緇熶竴璧鋒潵錛屽茍浜?995騫?0鏈堝彂甯冧簡絎竴涓叕寮�鐗堟湰錛岀О涔嬩負緇熶竴鏂規(guī)硶UM 0.8錛圲nitied Method錛夈�?995騫寸錛孫OSE 鐨勫垱濮嬩漢Ivar Jacobson鍔犵洘鍒拌繖涓�宸ヤ綔銆傜粡榪嘊ooch銆丷umbaugh鍜孞acobson涓変漢鐨勫叡鍚屽姫鍔涳紝浜?996騫?鏈堝拰10鏈堝垎鍒彂甯冧簡涓や釜鏂扮殑鐗堟湰錛屽嵆UML 0.9鍜孶ML 0.91錛屽茍灝哢M閲嶆柊鍛藉悕涓篣ML錛圲nified Modeling Language錛夈�?<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1996騫達紝涓�浜涙満鏋勫皢UML浣滀負鍏跺晢涓氱瓥鐣ュ凡鏃ヨ秼鏄庢樉銆俇ML鐨勫紑鍙戣�呭緱鍒頒簡鏉ヨ嚜鍏紬鐨勬闈㈠弽搴旓紝騫跺�¤鎴愮珛浜哢ML鎴愬憳鍗忎細錛屼互瀹屽杽銆佸姞寮哄拰淇冭繘UML鐨勫畾涔夊伐浣溿�傚綋鏃剁殑鎴愬憳鏈塂EC銆丠P銆両錛峀ogix銆?Itellicorp銆?IBM銆両CON Computing銆丮CI Systemhouse銆丮icrosoft銆丱racle銆丷ational Software銆乀I浠ュ強Unisys銆傝繖涓�鏈烘瀯瀵筓ML1.0錛?997騫?鏈堬級鍙奤ML1.1錛?997騫?1鏈?7鏃ワ級鐨勫畾涔夊拰鍙戝竷璧蜂簡閲嶈鐨勪績榪涗綔鐢ㄣ�?<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; UML鏄竴縐嶅畾涔夎壇濂姐�佹槗浜庤〃杈俱�佸姛鑳藉己澶т笖鏅亶閫傜敤鐨勫緩妯¤璦�銆傚畠婧跺叆浜嗚蔣浠跺伐紼嬮鍩熺殑鏂版�濇兂銆佹柊鏂規(guī)硶鍜屾柊鎶�鏈�傚畠鐨勪綔鐢ㄥ煙涓嶉檺浜庢敮鎸侀潰鍚戝璞＄殑鍒嗘瀽涓庤璁★紝榪樻敮鎸佷粠闇�姹傚垎鏋愬紑濮嬬殑杞歡寮�鍙戠殑鍏ㄨ繃紼嬨�?<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 闈㈠悜瀵硅薄鎶�鏈拰UML鐨勫彂灞曡繃紼嬪彲鐢ㄥ浘褰㈡潵琛ㄧず錛屾爣鍑嗗緩妯¤璦�鐨勫嚭鐜版槸鍏墮噸瑕佹垚鏋溿�傚湪緹庡浗錛屾埅姝?996騫?0鏈堬紝UML鑾峰緱浜嗗伐涓氱晫銆佺鎶�鐣屽拰搴旂敤鐣岀殑騫挎硾鏀寔錛屽凡鏈?00澶氫釜鍏徃琛ㄧず鏀寔閲囩敤UML浣滀負寤烘ā璇█銆?996騫村簳錛孶ML宸茬ǔ鍗犻潰鍚戝璞℃妧鏈競鍦虹殑85錛咃紝鎴愪負鍙鍖栧緩妯¤璦�浜嬪疄涓婄殑宸ヤ笟鏍囧噯銆?997騫?1鏈?7鏃ワ紝OMG閲囩撼UML 1.1浣滀負鍩轟簬闈㈠悜瀵硅薄鎶�鏈殑鏍囧噯寤烘ā璇█銆俇ML浠ｈ〃浜嗛潰鍚戝璞℃柟娉曠殑杞歡寮�鍙戞妧鏈殑鍙戝睍鏂瑰悜錛屽叿鏈夊法澶х殑甯傚満鍓嶆櫙錛屼篃鍏鋒湁閲嶅ぇ鐨勭粡嫻庝環(huán)鍊煎拰鍥介槻浠峰�箋�?<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; UML鏄竴涓爣鍑嗙殑鍥懼艦琛ㄧず娉曪紝瀹冧笉鏄潰鍚戝璞＄殑鍒嗘瀽鍜岃璁★紝涔熶笉鏄竴縐嶆柟娉曪紝瀹冧粎浠呮槸涓�緇勭鍙瘋�屽凡銆?<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <strong>3 UML鐨勫唴瀹?/strong> <br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 棣栧厛錛孶ML铻嶅悎浜咮ooch銆丱MT鍜孫OSE鏂規(guī)硶涓殑鍩烘湰姒傚康錛岃�屼笖榪欎簺鍩烘湰姒傚康涓庡叾浠栭潰鍚戝璞℃妧鏈腑鐨勫熀鏈蹇靛ぇ澶氱浉鍚岋紝鍥犺�岋紝UML蹇呯劧鎴愪負榪欎簺鏂規(guī)硶浠ュ強鍏朵粬鏂規(guī)硶鐨勪嬌鐢ㄨ�呬箰浜庨噰鐢ㄧ殑涓�縐嶇畝鍗曚竴鑷寸殑寤烘ā璇█錛涘叾嬈★紝UML涓嶄粎浠呮槸涓婅堪鏂規(guī)硶鐨勭畝鍗曟眹鍚堬紝鑰屾槸鍦ㄨ繖浜涙柟娉曠殑鍩虹涓婂箍娉涘緛姹傛剰瑙侊紝闆嗕紬瀹朵箣闀匡紝鍑犵粡淇敼鑰屽畬鎴愮殑錛孶ML鎵╁睍浜嗙幇鏈夋柟娉曠殑搴旂敤鑼冨洿錛涚涓夛紝UML鏄爣鍑嗙殑寤烘ā璇█錛岃�屼笉鏄爣鍑嗙殑寮�鍙戣繃紼嬨�傚敖綆ML鐨勫簲鐢ㄥ繀鐒朵互緋葷粺鐨勫紑鍙戣繃紼嬩負鑳屾櫙錛屼絾鐢變簬涓嶅悓鐨勭粍緇囧拰涓嶅悓鐨勫簲鐢ㄩ鍩燂紝闇�瑕侀噰鍙栦笉鍚岀殑寮�鍙戣繃紼嬨�?<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 浣滀負涓�縐嶅緩妯¤璦�錛孶ML鐨勫畾涔夊寘鎷琔ML璇箟鍜孶ML琛ㄧず娉曚袱涓儴鍒嗐�?<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (1) UML璇箟 鎻忚堪鍩轟簬UML鐨勭簿紜厓妯″瀷瀹氫箟銆傚厓妯″瀷涓篣ML鐨勬墍鏈夊厓绱犲湪璇硶鍜岃涔変笂鎻愪緵浜嗙畝鍗曘�佷竴鑷淬�侀�氱敤鐨勫畾涔夋�ц鏄庯紝浣垮紑鍙戣�呰兘鍦ㄨ涔変笂鍙栧緱涓�鑷達紝娑堥櫎浜嗗洜浜鴻�屽紓鐨勬渶浣寵〃杈炬柟娉曟墍閫犳垚鐨勫獎鍝嶃�傛澶朥ML榪樻敮鎸佸鍏冩ā鍨嬬殑鎵╁睍瀹氫箟銆?<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (2) UML琛ㄧず娉?瀹氫箟UML絎﹀彿鐨勮〃紺烘硶錛屼負寮�鍙戣�呮垨寮�鍙戝伐鍏蜂嬌鐢ㄨ繖浜涘浘褰㈢鍙峰拰鏂囨湰璇硶涓虹郴緇熷緩妯℃彁渚涗簡鏍囧噯銆傝繖浜涘浘褰㈢鍙峰拰鏂囧瓧鎵�琛ㄨ揪鐨勬槸搴旂敤綰х殑妯″瀷錛屽湪璇箟涓婂畠鏄疷ML鍏冩ā鍨嬬殑瀹炰緥銆?<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 鏍囧噯寤烘ā璇█UML鐨勯噸瑕佸唴瀹瑰彲浠ョ敱涓嬪垪浜旂被鍥撅紙鍏?縐嶅浘褰級鏉ュ畾涔夛細 <br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 絎竴綾繪槸鐢ㄤ緥鍥撅紝浠庣敤鎴瘋搴︽弿榪扮郴緇熷姛鑳斤紝騫舵寚鍑哄悇鍔熻兘鐨勬搷浣滆�呫�?<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 絎簩綾繪槸闈欐�佸浘 (Static diagram)錛屽寘鎷被鍥俱�佸璞″浘鍜屽寘鍥俱�傚叾涓被鍥炬弿榪扮郴緇熶腑綾葷殑闈欐�佺粨鏋勩�備笉浠呭畾涔夌郴緇熶腑鐨勭被錛岃〃紺虹被涔嬮棿鐨勮仈緋誨鍏寵仈銆佷緷璧栥�佽仛鍚堢瓑錛屼篃鍖呮嫭綾葷殑鍐呴儴緇撴瀯錛堢被鐨勫睘鎬у拰鎿嶄綔錛夈�傜被鍥炬弿榪扮殑鏄竴縐嶉潤鎬佸叧緋伙紝鍦ㄧ郴緇熺殑鏁翠釜鐢熷懡鍛ㄦ湡閮芥槸鏈夋晥鐨勩�?<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 瀵硅薄鍥炬槸綾誨浘鐨勫疄渚嬶紝鍑犱箮浣跨敤涓庣被鍥懼畬鍏ㄧ浉鍚岀殑鏍囪瘑銆備粬浠殑涓嶅悓鐐瑰湪浜庡璞″浘鏄劇ず綾葷殑澶氫釜瀵硅薄瀹炰緥錛岃�屼笉鏄疄闄呯殑綾匯�備竴涓璞″浘鏄被鍥劇殑涓�涓疄渚嬨�傜敱浜庡璞″瓨鍦ㄧ敓鍛藉懆鏈燂紝鍥犳瀵硅薄鍥懼彧鑳藉湪緋葷粺鏌愪竴鏃墮棿孌靛瓨鍦ㄣ�?<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 鍖呯敱鍖呮垨綾葷粍鎴愶紝琛ㄧず鍖呬笌鍖呬箣闂寸殑鍏崇郴銆傚寘鍥劇敤浜庢弿榪扮郴緇熺殑鍒嗗眰緇撴瀯銆?<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 絎笁綾繪槸琛屼負鍥撅紙Behavior diagram錛夛紝鎻忚堪緋葷粺鐨勫姩鎬佹ā鍨嬪拰緇勬垚瀵硅薄闂寸殑浜や簰鍏崇郴銆傚叾涓姸鎬佸浘鎻忚堪綾葷殑瀵硅薄鎵�鏈夊彲鑳界殑鐘舵�佷互鍙婁簨浠跺彂鐢熸椂鐘舵�佺殑杞Щ鏉′歡銆傞�氬父錛岀姸鎬佸浘鏄綾誨浘鐨勮ˉ鍏呫�傚湪瀹炵敤涓婂茍涓嶉渶瑕佷負鎵�鏈夌殑綾葷敾鐘舵�佸浘錛屼粎涓洪偅浜涙湁澶氫釜鐘舵�佸叾琛屼負鍙楀鐣岀幆澧冪殑褰卞搷騫朵笖鍙戠敓鏀瑰彉鐨勭被鐢葷姸鎬佸浘銆?<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 鑰屾椿鍔ㄥ浘鎻忚堪婊¤凍鐢ㄤ緥瑕佹眰鎵�瑕佽繘琛岀殑媧誨姩浠ュ強媧誨姩闂寸殑綰︽潫鍏崇郴錛屾湁鍒╀簬璇嗗埆騫惰媧誨姩銆?<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 絎洓綾繪槸浜や簰鍥撅紙Interactive diagram錛夛紝鎻忚堪瀵硅薄闂寸殑浜や簰鍏崇郴銆傚叾涓『搴忓浘鏄劇ず瀵硅薄涔嬮棿鐨勫姩鎬佸悎浣滃叧緋伙紝瀹冨己璋冨璞′箣闂存秷鎭彂閫佺殑欏哄簭錛屽悓鏃舵樉紺哄璞′箣闂寸殑浜や簰錛涘悎浣滃浘鎻忚堪瀵硅薄闂寸殑鍗忎綔鍏崇郴錛屽悎浣滃浘璺熼『搴忓浘鐩鎬技錛屾樉紺哄璞￠棿鐨勫姩鎬佸悎浣滃叧緋匯�傞櫎鏄劇ず淇℃伅浜ゆ崲澶栵紝鍚堜綔鍥捐繕鏄劇ず瀵硅薄浠ュ強瀹冧滑涔嬮棿鐨勫叧緋匯�傚鏋滃己璋冩椂闂村拰欏哄簭錛屽垯浣跨敤欏哄簭鍥撅紱濡傛灉寮鴻皟涓婁笅綰у叧緋伙紝鍒欓�夋嫨鍚堜綔鍥俱�傝繖涓ょ鍥懼悎縐頒負浜や簰鍥俱�?<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 絎簲綾繪槸瀹炵幇鍥?Implementation diagram)銆傚叾涓瀯浠跺浘鎻忚堪浠ｇ爜閮ㄤ歡鐨勭墿鐞嗙粨鏋勫強鍚勯儴浠朵箣闂寸殑渚濊禆鍏崇郴銆備竴涓儴浠跺彲鑳芥槸涓�涓祫婧愪唬鐮侀儴浠躲�佷竴涓簩榪涘埗閮ㄤ歡鎴栦竴涓彲鎵ц閮ㄤ歡銆傚畠鍖呭惈閫昏緫綾繪垨瀹炵幇綾葷殑鏈夊叧淇℃伅銆傞儴浠跺浘鏈夊姪浜庡垎鏋愬拰鐞嗚В閮ㄤ歡涔嬮棿鐨勭浉浜掑獎鍝嶇▼搴︺�?<br />
閰嶇疆鍥懼畾涔夌郴緇熶腑杞‖浠剁殑鐗╃悊浣撶郴緇撴瀯銆傚畠鍙互鏄劇ず瀹為檯鐨勮綆楁満鍜岃澶囷紙鐢ㄨ妭鐐硅〃紺猴級浠ュ強瀹冧滑涔嬮棿鐨勮繛鎺ュ叧緋伙紝涔熷彲鏄劇ず榪炴帴鐨勭被鍨嬪強閮ㄤ歡涔嬮棿鐨勪緷璧栨�с�傚湪鑺傜偣鍐呴儴錛屾斁緗彲鎵ц閮ㄤ歡鍜屽璞′互鏄劇ず鑺傜偣璺熷彲鎵ц杞歡鍗曞厓鐨勫搴斿叧緋匯�?<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 浠庡簲鐢ㄧ殑瑙掑害鐪嬶紝褰撻噰鐢ㄩ潰鍚戝璞℃妧鏈璁＄郴緇熸椂錛岄鍏堟槸鎻忚堪闇�姹傦紱鍏舵鏍規(guī)嵁闇�姹傚緩绔嬬郴緇熺殑闈欐�佹ā鍨嬶紝浠ユ瀯閫犵郴緇熺殑緇撴瀯錛涚涓夋鏄弿榪扮郴緇熺殑琛屼負銆傚叾涓湪絎竴姝ヤ笌絎簩姝ヤ腑鎵�寤虹珛鐨勬ā鍨嬮兘鏄潤鎬佺殑錛屽寘鎷敤渚嬪浘銆佺被鍥撅紙鍖呭惈鍖咃級銆佸璞″浘銆佺粍浠跺浘鍜岄厤緗浘絳変簲涓浘褰紝鏄爣鍑嗗緩妯¤璦�UML鐨勯潤鎬佸緩妯℃満鍒躲�傚叾涓涓夋涓墍寤虹珛鐨勬ā鍨嬫垨鑰呭彲浠ユ墽琛岋紝鎴栬�呰〃紺烘墽琛屾椂鐨勬椂搴忕姸鎬佹垨浜や簰鍏崇郴銆傚畠鍖呮嫭鐘舵�佸浘銆佹椿鍔ㄥ浘銆侀『搴忓浘鍜屽悎浣滃浘絳夊洓涓浘褰紝鏄爣鍑嗗緩妯¤璦�UML鐨勫姩鎬佸緩妯℃満鍒躲�傚洜姝わ紝鏍囧噯寤烘ā璇█UML鐨勪富瑕佸唴瀹逛篃鍙互褰掔撼涓洪潤鎬佸緩妯℃満鍒跺拰鍔ㄦ�佸緩妯℃満鍒朵袱澶х被銆?<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <strong>4 UML鐨勪富瑕佺壒鐐?/strong> <br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 鏍囧噯寤烘ā璇█UML鐨勪富瑕佺壒鐐瑰彲浠ュ綊緇撲負涓夌偣錛?<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 錛?錛塙ML緇熶竴浜咮ooch銆丱MT鍜孫OSE絳夋柟娉曚腑鐨勫熀鏈蹇點�?<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 錛?錛塙ML榪樺惛鍙栦簡闈㈠悜瀵硅薄鎶�鏈鍩熶腑鍏朵粬嫻佹淳鐨勯暱澶勶紝鍏朵腑涔熷寘鎷潪OO鏂規(guī)硶鐨勫獎鍝嶃�?<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; UML絎﹀彿琛ㄧず鑰冭檻浜嗗悇縐嶆柟娉曠殑鍥懼艦琛ㄧず錛屽垹鎺変簡澶ч噺鏄撳紩璧鋒販涔辯殑銆佸浣欑殑鍜屾瀬灝戜嬌鐢ㄧ殑絎﹀彿錛屼篃娣誨姞浜嗕竴浜涙柊絎﹀彿銆傚洜姝わ紝鍦║ML涓眹鍏ヤ簡闈㈠悜瀵硅薄棰嗗煙涓緢澶氫漢鐨勬�濇兂銆傝繖浜涙�濇兂騫朵笉鏄疷ML鐨勫紑鍙戣�呬滑鍙戞槑鐨勶紝鑰屾槸寮�鍙戣�呬滑渚濇嵁鏈�浼樼鐨凮O鏂規(guī)硶鍜屼赴瀵岀殑璁＄畻鏈虹瀛﹀疄璺電粡楠岀患鍚堟彁鐐艱�屾垚鐨勩�?<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 錛?錛塙ML鍦ㄦ紨鍙樿繃紼嬩腑榪樻彁鍑轟簡涓�浜涙柊鐨勬蹇點�?<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 鍦║ML鏍囧噯涓柊鍔犱簡妯℃澘(Stereotypes)銆佽亴璐?Responsibilities)銆佹墿灞曟満鍒?Extensibility mechanisms)銆佺嚎紼?Threads)銆佽繃紼?Processes)銆佸垎甯冨紡(Distribution)銆佸茍鍙?Concurrency)銆佹ā寮?Patterns)銆佸悎浣?Collaborations)銆佹椿鍔ㄥ浘錛圓ctivity diagram錛夌瓑鏂版蹇碉紝騫舵竻鏅板湴鍖哄垎綾誨瀷(Type)銆佺被(Class)鍜屽疄渚?Instance)銆佺粏鍖?Refinement)銆佹帴鍙?Interfaces)鍜岀粍浠?Components)絳夋蹇點�?<br />
鍥犳鍙互璁や負錛孶ML鏄竴縐嶅厛榪涘疄鐢ㄧ殑鏍囧噯寤烘ā璇█錛屼絾鍏朵腑鏌愪簺姒傚康灝氬緟瀹炶返鏉ラ獙璇侊紝UML涔熷繀鐒跺瓨鍦ㄤ竴涓繘鍖栬繃紼嬨�?<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <strong>5 UML鐨勫簲鐢ㄩ鍩?/strong> <br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; UML鐨勭洰鏍囨槸浠ラ潰鍚戝璞″浘鐨勬柟寮忔潵鎻忚堪浠諱綍綾誨瀷鐨勭郴緇燂紝鍏鋒湁寰堝鐨勫簲鐢ㄩ鍩熴�傚叾涓渶甯哥敤鐨勬槸寤虹珛杞歡緋葷粺鐨勬ā鍨嬶紝浣嗗畠鍚屾牱鍙互鐢ㄤ簬鎻忚堪闈炶蔣浠墮鍩熺殑緋葷粺錛屽鏈烘緋葷粺銆佷紒涓氭満鏋勬垨涓氬姟榪囩▼錛屼互鍙婂鐞嗗鏉傛暟鎹殑淇℃伅緋葷粺銆佸叿鏈夊疄鏃惰姹傜殑宸ヤ笟緋葷粺鎴栧伐涓氳繃紼嬬瓑銆傛�諱箣錛孶ML鏄竴涓�氱敤鐨勬爣鍑嗗緩妯¤璦�錛屽彲浠ュ浠諱綍鍏鋒湁闈欐�佺粨鏋勫拰鍔ㄦ�佽涓虹殑緋葷粺榪涜寤烘ā銆?<br />
姝ゅ錛孶ML閫傜敤浜庣郴緇熷紑鍙戣繃紼嬩腑浠庨渶姹傝鏍兼弿榪板埌緋葷粺瀹屾垚鍚庢祴璇曠殑涓嶅悓闃舵銆傚湪闇�姹傚垎鏋愰樁孌碉紝鍙互鐢ㄧ敤渚嬫潵鎹曡幏鐢ㄦ埛闇�姹傘�傞�氳繃鐢ㄤ緥寤烘ā錛屾弿榪板緋葷粺鎰熷叴瓚ｇ殑澶栭儴瑙掕壊鍙婂叾瀵圭郴緇燂紙鐢ㄤ緥錛夌殑鍔熻兘瑕佹眰銆傚垎鏋愰樁孌典富瑕佸叧蹇冮棶棰樺煙涓殑涓昏姒傚康錛堝鎶借薄銆佺被鍜屽璞＄瓑錛夊拰鏈哄埗錛岄渶瑕佽瘑鍒繖浜涚被浠ュ強瀹冧滑鐩鎬簰闂寸殑鍏崇郴錛屽茍鐢║ML綾誨浘鏉ユ弿榪般�備負瀹炵幇鐢ㄤ緥錛岀被涔嬮棿闇�瑕佸崗浣滐紝榪欏彲浠ョ敤UML鍔ㄦ�佹ā鍨嬫潵鎻忚堪銆傚湪鍒嗘瀽闃舵錛屽彧瀵歸棶棰樺煙鐨勫璞★紙鐜板疄涓栫晫鐨勬蹇碉級寤烘ā錛岃�屼笉鑰冭檻瀹氫箟杞歡緋葷粺涓妧鏈粏鑺傜殑綾伙紙濡傚鐞嗙敤鎴鋒帴鍙ｃ�佹暟鎹簱銆侀�氳鍜屽茍琛屾�х瓑闂鐨勭被錛夈�傝繖浜涙妧鏈粏鑺傚皢鍦ㄨ璁￠樁孌靛紩鍏ワ紝鍥犳璁捐闃舵涓烘瀯閫犻樁孌墊彁渚涙洿璇︾粏鐨勮鏍艱鏄庛�?<br />
緙栫▼錛堟瀯閫狅級鏄竴涓嫭绔嬬殑闃舵錛屽叾浠誨姟鏄敤闈㈠悜瀵硅薄緙栫▼璇█灝嗘潵鑷璁￠樁孌電殑綾昏漿鎹㈡垚瀹為檯鐨勪唬鐮併�傚湪鐢║ML寤虹珛鍒嗘瀽鍜岃璁℃ā鍨嬫椂錛屽簲灝介噺閬垮厤鑰冭檻鎶婃ā鍨嬭漿鎹㈡垚鏌愮鐗瑰畾鐨勭紪紼嬭璦�銆傚洜涓哄湪鏃╂湡闃舵錛屾ā鍨嬩粎浠呮槸鐞嗚В鍜屽垎鏋愮郴緇熺粨鏋勭殑宸ュ叿錛岃繃鏃╄�冭檻緙栫爜闂鍗佸垎涓嶅埄浜庡緩绔嬬畝鍗曟紜殑妯″瀷銆?<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; UML妯″瀷榪樺彲浣滀負嫻嬭瘯闃舵鐨勪緷鎹�傜郴緇熼�氬父闇�瑕佺粡榪囧崟鍏冩祴璇曘�侀泦鎴愭祴璇曘�佺郴緇熸祴璇曞拰楠屾敹嫻嬭瘯銆備笉鍚岀殑嫻嬭瘯灝忕粍浣跨敤涓嶅悓鐨刄ML鍥句綔涓烘祴璇曚緷鎹細鍗曞厓嫻嬭瘯浣跨敤綾誨浘鍜岀被瑙勬牸璇存槑錛涢泦鎴愭祴璇曚嬌鐢ㄩ儴浠跺浘鍜屽悎浣滃浘錛涚郴緇熸祴璇曚嬌鐢ㄧ敤渚嬪浘鏉ラ獙璇佺郴緇熺殑琛屼負錛涢獙鏀舵祴璇曠敱鐢ㄦ埛榪涜錛屼互楠岃瘉緋葷粺嫻嬭瘯鐨勭粨鏋滄槸鍚︽弧瓚沖湪鍒嗘瀽闃舵紜畾鐨勯渶姹傘�?<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 鎬諱箣錛屾爣鍑嗗緩妯¤璦�UML閫傜敤浜庝互闈㈠悜瀵硅薄鎶�鏈潵鎻忚堪浠諱綍綾誨瀷鐨勭郴緇燂紝鑰屼笖閫傜敤浜庣郴緇熷紑鍙戠殑涓嶅悓闃舵錛屼粠闇�姹傝鏍兼弿榪扮洿鑷崇郴緇熷畬鎴愬悗鐨勬祴璇曞拰緇存姢銆?<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <strong>6 UML鐩稿叧鐭ヨ瘑</strong> <br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; UML2.0涓竴鍏卞畾涔変簡13縐嶅浘紺猴紙diagrams錛夈�備負鏂逛究浜嗚В錛屽皢鍒嗙被鍒楀嚭鏉ヤ緵澶у浜嗚В錛?<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 緇撴瀯鍥撅紙Structure diagrams錛夊己璋冪殑鏄郴緇熷紡鐨勫緩妯★細 <br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 綾誨浘(Class Diagram) <br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 緇勪歡鍥?Component diagram) <br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 澶嶅悎緇撴瀯鍥?Composite structure diagram) <br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 閮ㄧ講鍥?Deployment diagram) <br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 瀵硅薄鍥?Object diagram) <br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 鍖呭浘(Package diagram) <br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 琛屼負鍥撅紙Behavior diagrams錛夊己璋冪郴緇熸ā鍨嬩腑瑙﹀彂鐨勪簨浠訛細 <br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 媧誨姩鍥?Activity diagram) <br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 鐘舵�佹満鍥?State Machine diagram) <br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 鐢ㄤ緥鍥?Use Case Diagram) <br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 浜や簰鍥撅紙Interaction diagrams錛?灞炰簬琛屼負鍥懼艦鐨勫瓙闆嗗悎錛屽己璋冪郴緇熸ā鍨嬩腑鐨勮祫鏂欐祦紼?<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 閫氫俊鍥?Communication diagram) <br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 浜や簰姒傝堪鍥?Interaction overview diagram)(UML2.0) <br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 搴忓垪鍥?欏哄簭鍥?(Sequence diagram) <br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 鏃墮棿鍥?UML Timing Diagram)(UML2.0) <br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 鍗忓畾鐘舵�佹満鏄姸鎬佹満鐨勫瓙鍙樼銆傚畠鐢ㄦ潵濉戦�犵綉緇滈�氳鍗忓畾妯″瀷銆?<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; UML騫朵笉闄愬畾UML瑕佺礌鍨嬪埆闈炲緱鏄煇鍥懼艦涓婄殑鍨嬪埆銆備竴鑸潵璇達紝姣忎釜UML瑕佺礌澶х害浼氬嚭鐜板湪鍥劇殑鎵�鏈夊瀷鍒�傝繖縐嶅脊鎬у湪UML2.0閮ㄥ垎琚檺瀹氥�?<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 涓轟簡瑕佷繚鎸佸伐紼嬪浘鐨勪紶緇燂紝鍦ㄦ?zhèn)ㄧ殑UML鍥句笂鍔犳敞鐢ㄩ�斻�佺害鏉熴�佹垨鎰忓浘姘歌繙鏃犱激澶ч泤銆?
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