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鏂囩珷鍐呭寮曠敤鑷細(xì)
鍏ㄩ潰浜嗚В鏁版嵁搴撹璁′腑鍒嗙被綆楁硶
http://blog.csdn.net/hyzhx/archive/2008/03/21/2201465.aspx
鍦ㄦ暟鎹簱涓瓨鍌ㄥ眰嬈℃暟鎹疄鐜版棤闄愮駭鍒嗗眰
http://www.52web.com/52article/?view-250.html
http://www.thinkly.cn/index.php/archives/354
鍟嗗搧鏃犻檺鍒嗙被鐨勭畻娉曞浣曚紭鍖?
http://www.javaeye.com/topic/170744
鍏充簬鏃犻檺鍒嗙被鐨勮璁$綉涓婅璁烘湁寰堝錛岃鐧戒簡灝辨槸鍦ㄦ暟鎹簱涓璁℃爲(wèi)鐨勯棶棰橈紝鍦ㄨ繖閲屼粎瀵規(guī)垜鎵鐭ョ殑鍋氫簺璁板綍涓庡姣斻?br />
鍋囪琛ㄧ粨鏋勪負(fù)涓嬪浘錛屽茍涓斾負(fù)鏌愯〃鐨勫閿紩鐢ㄣ傝姹傦細(xì)
1銆佸疄鐜版棤闄愬眰嬈°?br />
2銆佽兘鎵懼埌鑺傜偣鐨勮礬寰勩?br />
3銆佽兘鎵懼埌鎵鏈夊瓙瀛欒妭鐐歸泦鍚堬紙鑾峰彇鏍?wèi)锛夈?br />
寮曠敤錛?鍦ㄦ暟鎹簱涓瓨鍌ㄥ眰嬈℃暟鎹疄鐜版棤闄愮駭鍒嗗眰"
鏂規(guī)1錛氶偦鎺ュ垪琛ㄦā鍨?The Adjacency List Model)/閫掑綊鏂規(guī)硶
http://www.52web.com/52article/?view-250-page-2.html
寮曠敤錛?鍦ㄦ暟鎹簱涓瓨鍌ㄥ眰嬈℃暟鎹疄鐜版棤闄愮駭鍒嗗眰"
浼樼偣錛氱粨鏋勭畝鍗曟槑浜嗭紝瀵逛簬鑺傜偣鐨勭淮鎶ゅ茍涓嶉渶瑕侀澶栫殑宸ヤ綔銆?br /> 緙虹偣錛氬疄鐜拌姹?銆?闇瑕佽繘琛屽ぇ閲忕殑閫掑綊鎿嶄綔錛屾瘡涓嬈℃暟鎹簱鏌ヨ閮介渶瑕佽姳璐逛竴鐐規(guī)椂闂淬?br />
鏂規(guī)2錛氶掑綊鏂規(guī)硶鏀硅繘
瀵規(guī)柟妗?鐨勬墿灞曪紝鏂板 path瀛楁浠ュ瓨鍌ㄨ妭鐐硅礬寰勶紝arrayChild瀛楁瀛樺偍鍏朵笅鎵鏈夎妭鐐廣?/p>
浼樼偣錛氬疄鐜拌姹?銆?鍙渶瑕佷竴嬈℃煡璇€?br /> 緙虹偣錛氬綋鑺傜偣鍙戠敓鏀瑰彉鏃墮渶瑕佺淮鎶ゅ搴旂殑瀛楁錛屼笖 path涓?arrayChild浠ユ嫾涓插艦寮忓瓨鍌ㄤ簬鏂囨湰瀛楁錛屽鏄撻檺鍒惰妭鐐歸暱搴︼紝騫朵笖瀵逛簬鏌ヨ鏁堢巼鏈夊獎(jiǎng)鍝嶃?/p>
鏂規(guī)3錛氭敼榪涘墠搴忛亶鍘嗘爲(wèi)
http://www.52web.com/52article/?view-250-page-2.html
濡傛灉浣滀負(fù)涓婚敭鏍囪瘑鐨勮妭鐐圭紪鍙峰瓨鍦ㄥ閮ㄥ紩鐢紝榪橀渶瑕佸畾涔変竴涓摼琛ㄧ紪鍙?linkId鏉ョ‘淇濆叾涓婚敭鏍囪瘑鍥哄畾錛屽茍閲嶆柊瀹氫箟鍏墮摼琛ㄥ乏鍙寵寖鍥淬?br />
浼樼偣錛氬疄鐜拌姹?銆?鍙渶瑕佷竴嬈℃煡璇紝浣嗘瘮鏂規(guī)2緇存姢璧鋒潵鏇磋鏂逛究錛堝噺灝戝ぇ閲忕殑鎷間覆錛夛紝鑰屼笖鍥犱負(fù)宸﹀彸鍊艱〃紺虹殑鏄摼琛ㄧ殑鑼冨洿錛屾墍浠ユ煡璇㈡晥鐜囨洿楂樸?br /> 緙虹偣錛氱畻娉曟湭緇忚鏄庡墠涓嶅鏂規(guī)1銆?鐩磋銆?nbsp;
1.瀵規(guī)煡璇㈣繘琛屼紭鍖栵紝搴斿敖閲忛伩鍏嶅叏琛ㄦ壂鎻忥紝棣栧厛搴旇冭檻鍦?where 鍙?order by 娑夊強(qiáng)鐨勫垪涓婂緩绔嬬儲寮曘?
2.搴斿敖閲忛伩鍏嶅湪 where 瀛愬彞涓瀛楁榪涜 null 鍊煎垽鏂紝鍚﹀垯灝嗗鑷村紩鎿庢斁寮冧嬌鐢ㄧ儲寮曡岃繘琛屽叏琛ㄦ壂鎻忥紝濡傦細(xì)
select id from t where num is null
鍙互鍦╪um涓婅緗粯璁ゅ?錛岀‘淇濊〃涓璶um鍒楁病鏈塶ull鍊鹼紝鐒跺悗榪欐牱鏌ヨ錛?
select id from t where num=0
3.搴斿敖閲忛伩鍏嶅湪 where 瀛愬彞涓嬌鐢?=鎴?lt;>鎿嶄綔絎︼紝鍚﹀垯灝嗗紩鎿庢斁寮冧嬌鐢ㄧ儲寮曡岃繘琛屽叏琛ㄦ壂鎻忋?
4.搴斿敖閲忛伩鍏嶅湪 where 瀛愬彞涓嬌鐢?or 鏉ヨ繛鎺ユ潯浠訛紝鍚﹀垯灝嗗鑷村紩鎿庢斁寮冧嬌鐢ㄧ儲寮曡岃繘琛屽叏琛ㄦ壂鎻忥紝濡傦細(xì)
select id from t where num=10 or num=20
鍙互榪欐牱鏌ヨ錛?
select id from t where num=10
union all
select id from t where num=20
5.in 鍜?not in 涔熻鎱庣敤錛屽惁鍒欎細(xì)瀵艱嚧鍏ㄨ〃鎵弿錛屽錛?
select id from t where num in(1,2,3)
瀵逛簬榪炵畫鐨勬暟鍊鹼紝鑳界敤 between 灝變笉瑕佺敤 in 浜嗭細(xì)
select id from t where num between 1 and 3
6.涓嬮潰鐨勬煡璇篃灝嗗鑷村叏琛ㄦ壂鎻忥細(xì)
select id from t where name like '%abc%'
鑻ヨ鎻愰珮鏁堢巼錛屽彲浠ヨ冭檻鍏ㄦ枃媯(gè)绱€?
7.濡傛灉鍦?where 瀛愬彞涓嬌鐢ㄥ弬鏁幫紝涔熶細(xì)瀵艱嚧鍏ㄨ〃鎵弿銆傚洜涓篠QL鍙湁鍦ㄨ繍琛屾椂鎵嶄細(xì)瑙f瀽灞閮ㄥ彉閲忥紝浣嗕紭鍖栫▼搴忎笉鑳藉皢璁塊棶璁″垝鐨勯夋嫨鎺ㄨ繜鍒拌繍琛屾椂錛涘畠蹇呴』鍦ㄧ紪璇戞椂榪涜閫夋嫨銆傜劧鑰岋紝濡傛灉鍦ㄧ紪璇戞椂寤虹珛璁塊棶璁″垝錛屽彉閲忕殑鍊艱繕鏄湭鐭ョ殑錛屽洜鑰屾棤娉曚綔涓虹儲寮曢夋嫨鐨勮緭鍏ラ」銆傚涓嬮潰璇彞灝嗚繘琛屽叏琛ㄦ壂鎻忥細(xì)
select id from t where num=@num
鍙互鏀逛負(fù)寮哄埗鏌ヨ浣跨敤绱㈠紩錛?
select id from t with(index(绱㈠紩鍚?) where num=@num
8.搴斿敖閲忛伩鍏嶅湪 where 瀛愬彞涓瀛楁榪涜琛ㄨ揪寮忔搷浣滐紝榪欏皢瀵艱嚧寮曟搸鏀懼純浣跨敤绱㈠紩鑰岃繘琛屽叏琛ㄦ壂鎻忋傚錛?
select id from t where num/2=100
搴旀敼涓?
select id from t where num=100*2
9.搴斿敖閲忛伩鍏嶅湪where瀛愬彞涓瀛楁榪涜鍑芥暟鎿嶄綔錛岃繖灝嗗鑷村紩鎿庢斁寮冧嬌鐢ㄧ儲寮曡岃繘琛屽叏琛ㄦ壂鎻忋傚錛?
select id from t where substring(name,1,3)='abc'--name浠bc寮澶寸殑id
select id from t where datediff(day,createdate,'2005-11-30')=0--‘2005-11-30’鐢熸垚鐨刬d
搴旀敼涓?
select id from t where name like 'abc%'
select id from t where createdate>='2005-11-30' and createdate<'2005-12-1'
10.涓嶈鍦?where 瀛愬彞涓殑“=”宸﹁竟榪涜鍑芥暟銆佺畻鏈繍綆楁垨鍏朵粬琛ㄨ揪寮忚繍綆楋紝鍚﹀垯緋葷粺灝嗗彲鑳芥棤娉曟紜嬌鐢ㄧ儲寮曘?
11.鍦ㄤ嬌鐢ㄧ儲寮曞瓧孌典綔涓烘潯浠舵椂錛屽鏋滆绱㈠紩鏄鍚堢儲寮曪紝閭d箞蹇呴』浣跨敤鍒拌绱㈠紩涓殑絎竴涓瓧孌典綔涓烘潯浠舵椂鎵嶈兘淇濊瘉緋葷粺浣跨敤璇ョ儲寮曪紝鍚﹀垯璇ョ儲寮曞皢涓嶄細(xì)琚嬌鐢紝騫朵笖搴斿敖鍙兘鐨勮瀛楁欏哄簭涓庣儲寮曢『搴忕浉涓鑷淬?
12.涓嶈鍐欎竴浜涙病鏈夋剰涔夌殑鏌ヨ錛屽闇瑕佺敓鎴愪竴涓┖琛ㄧ粨鏋勶細(xì)
select col1,col2 into #t from t where 1=0
榪欑被浠g爜涓嶄細(xì)榪斿洖浠諱綍緇撴灉闆嗭紝浣嗘槸浼?xì)娑堣楃郴緇熻祫婧愮殑錛屽簲鏀規(guī)垚榪欐牱錛?
create table #t(...)
13.寰堝鏃跺欑敤 exists 浠f浛 in 鏄竴涓ソ鐨勯夋嫨錛?
select num from a where num in(select num from b)
鐢ㄤ笅闈㈢殑璇彞鏇挎崲錛?
select num from a where exists(select 1 from b where num=a.num)
14.騫朵笉鏄墍鏈夌儲寮曞鏌ヨ閮芥湁鏁堬紝SQL鏄牴鎹〃涓暟鎹潵榪涜鏌ヨ浼樺寲鐨勶紝褰撶儲寮曞垪鏈夊ぇ閲忔暟鎹噸澶嶆椂錛孲QL鏌ヨ鍙兘涓嶄細(xì)鍘誨埄鐢ㄧ儲寮曪紝濡備竴琛ㄤ腑鏈夊瓧孌祍ex錛宮ale銆乫emale鍑犱箮鍚勪竴鍗婏紝閭d箞鍗充嬌鍦╯ex涓婂緩浜嗙儲寮曚篃瀵規(guī)煡璇㈡晥鐜囪搗涓嶄簡浣滅敤銆?
15.绱㈠紩騫朵笉鏄秺澶氳秺濂斤紝绱㈠紩鍥虹劧鍙互鎻愰珮鐩稿簲鐨?select 鐨勬晥鐜囷紝浣嗗悓鏃朵篃闄嶄綆浜?insert 鍙?update 鐨勬晥鐜囷紝鍥犱負(fù) insert 鎴?update 鏃舵湁鍙兘浼?xì)閲嶅缓鐑﹀紩锛屾墍浠ユ庢牱寤虹儲寮曢渶瑕佹厧閲嶈冭檻錛岃鍏蜂綋鎯呭喌鑰屽畾銆備竴涓〃鐨勭儲寮曟暟鏈濂戒笉瑕佽秴榪?涓紝鑻ュお澶氬垯搴旇冭檻涓浜涗笉甯鎬嬌鐢ㄥ埌鐨勫垪涓婂緩鐨勭儲寮曟槸鍚︽湁蹇呰銆?
16.搴斿敖鍙兘鐨勯伩鍏嶆洿鏂?clustered 绱㈠紩鏁版嵁鍒楋紝鍥犱負(fù) clustered 绱㈠紩鏁版嵁鍒楃殑欏哄簭灝辨槸琛ㄨ褰曠殑鐗╃悊瀛樺偍欏哄簭錛屼竴鏃﹁鍒楀兼敼鍙樺皢瀵艱嚧鏁翠釜琛ㄨ褰曠殑欏哄簭鐨勮皟鏁達(dá)紝浼?xì)鑰楄垂鐩稿綋澶х殑璧勬簮銆傝嫢搴旂敤緋葷粺闇瑕侀綣佹洿鏂?clustered 绱㈠紩鏁版嵁鍒楋紝閭d箞闇瑕佽冭檻鏄惁搴斿皢璇ョ儲寮曞緩涓?clustered 绱㈠紩銆?
17.灝介噺浣跨敤鏁板瓧鍨嬪瓧孌碉紝鑻ュ彧鍚暟鍊間俊鎭殑瀛楁灝介噺涓嶈璁捐涓哄瓧絎﹀瀷錛岃繖浼?xì)闄嶄綆鏌ヨ鍜寴q炴帴鐨勬ц兘錛屽茍浼?xì)澧炲姞瀛樺偍寮閿銆傝繖鏄洜涓哄紩鎿庡湪澶勭悊鏌ヨ鍜岃繛鎺ユ椂浼?xì)閫愪釜姣旇緝瀛楃涓蹭腑姣忎竴涓瓧絎︼紝鑰屽浜庢暟瀛楀瀷鑰岃█鍙渶瑕佹瘮杈冧竴嬈″氨澶熶簡銆?
18.灝藉彲鑳界殑浣跨敤 varchar/nvarchar 浠f浛 char/nchar 錛屽洜涓洪鍏堝彉闀垮瓧孌靛瓨鍌ㄧ┖闂村皬錛屽彲浠ヨ妭鐪佸瓨鍌ㄧ┖闂達(dá)紝鍏舵瀵逛簬鏌ヨ鏉ヨ錛屽湪涓涓浉瀵硅緝?yōu)畯鐨勫瓧娈靛唴鎼滅储鏁堢巼鏄剧劧瑕侀珮浜涖?
19.浠諱綍鍦版柟閮戒笉瑕佷嬌鐢?select * from t 錛岀敤鍏蜂綋鐨勫瓧孌靛垪琛ㄤ唬鏇?#8220;*”錛屼笉瑕佽繑鍥炵敤涓嶅埌鐨勪換浣曞瓧孌點(diǎn)?
20.灝介噺浣跨敤琛ㄥ彉閲忔潵浠f浛涓存椂琛ㄣ傚鏋滆〃鍙橀噺鍖呭惈澶ч噺鏁版嵁錛岃娉ㄦ剰绱㈠紩闈炲父鏈夐檺錛堝彧鏈変富閿儲寮曪級銆?
21.閬垮厤棰戠箒鍒涘緩鍜屽垹闄や復(fù)鏃惰〃錛屼互鍑忓皯緋葷粺琛ㄨ祫婧愮殑娑堣椼?
22.涓存椂琛ㄥ茍涓嶆槸涓嶅彲浣跨敤錛岄傚綋鍦頒嬌鐢ㄥ畠浠彲浠ヤ嬌鏌愪簺渚嬬▼鏇存湁鏁堬紝渚嬪錛屽綋闇瑕侀噸澶嶅紩鐢ㄥぇ鍨嬭〃鎴栧父鐢ㄨ〃涓殑鏌愪釜鏁版嵁闆嗘椂銆備絾鏄紝瀵逛簬涓嬈℃т簨浠訛紝鏈濂戒嬌鐢ㄥ鍑鴻〃銆?
23.鍦ㄦ柊寤轟復(fù)鏃惰〃鏃訛紝濡傛灉涓嬈℃ф彃鍏ユ暟鎹噺寰堝ぇ錛岄偅涔堝彲浠ヤ嬌鐢?select into 浠f浛 create table錛岄伩鍏嶉犳垚澶ч噺 log 錛屼互鎻愰珮閫熷害錛涘鏋滄暟鎹噺涓嶅ぇ錛屼負(fù)浜嗙紦鍜岀郴緇熻〃鐨勮祫婧愶紝搴斿厛create table錛岀劧鍚巌nsert銆?
24.濡傛灉浣跨敤鍒頒簡涓存椂琛紝鍦ㄥ瓨鍌ㄨ繃紼嬬殑鏈鍚庡姟蹇呭皢鎵鏈夌殑涓存椂琛ㄦ樉寮忓垹闄わ紝鍏?truncate table 錛岀劧鍚?drop table 錛岃繖鏍峰彲浠ラ伩鍏嶇郴緇熻〃鐨勮緝闀挎椂闂撮攣瀹氥?
25.灝介噺閬垮厤浣跨敤娓告爣錛屽洜涓烘父鏍囩殑鏁堢巼杈冨樊錛屽鏋滄父鏍囨搷浣滅殑鏁版嵁瓚呰繃1涓囪錛岄偅涔堝氨搴旇鑰冭檻鏀瑰啓銆?
26.浣跨敤鍩轟簬娓告爣鐨勬柟娉曟垨涓存椂琛ㄦ柟娉曚箣鍓嶏紝搴斿厛瀵繪壘鍩轟簬闆嗙殑瑙e喅鏂規(guī)鏉ヨВ鍐抽棶棰橈紝鍩轟簬闆嗙殑鏂規(guī)硶閫氬父鏇存湁鏁堛?
27.涓庝復(fù)鏃惰〃涓鏍鳳紝娓告爣騫朵笉鏄笉鍙嬌鐢ㄣ傚灝忓瀷鏁版嵁闆嗕嬌鐢?FAST_FORWARD 娓告爣閫氬父瑕佷紭浜庡叾浠栭愯澶勭悊鏂規(guī)硶錛屽挨鍏舵槸鍦ㄥ繀欏誨紩鐢ㄥ嚑涓〃鎵嶈兘鑾峰緱鎵闇鐨勬暟鎹椂銆傚湪緇撴灉闆嗕腑鍖呮嫭“鍚堣”鐨勪緥紼嬮氬父瑕佹瘮浣跨敤娓告爣鎵ц鐨勯熷害蹇傚鏋滃紑鍙戞椂闂村厑璁革紝鍩轟簬娓告爣鐨勬柟娉曞拰鍩轟簬闆嗙殑鏂規(guī)硶閮藉彲浠ュ皾璇曚竴涓嬶紝鐪嬪摢涓縐嶆柟娉曠殑鏁堟灉鏇村ソ銆?
28.鍦ㄦ墍鏈夌殑瀛樺偍榪囩▼鍜岃Е鍙戝櫒鐨勫紑濮嬪璁劇疆 SET NOCOUNT ON 錛屽湪緇撴潫鏃惰緗?SET NOCOUNT OFF 銆傛棤闇鍦ㄦ墽琛屽瓨鍌ㄨ繃紼嬪拰瑙﹀彂鍣ㄧ殑姣忎釜璇彞鍚庡悜瀹㈡埛绔彂閫?DONE_IN_PROC 娑堟伅銆?
29.灝介噺閬垮厤澶т簨鍔℃搷浣滐紝鎻愰珮緋葷粺騫跺彂鑳藉姏銆?
30.灝介噺閬垮厤鍚戝鎴風(fēng)榪斿洖澶ф暟鎹噺錛岃嫢鏁版嵁閲忚繃澶э紝搴旇鑰冭檻鐩稿簲闇姹傛槸鍚﹀悎鐞嗐?