涓銆丱RACLE鐨勫惎鍔ㄥ拰鍏抽棴
1銆佸湪鍗曟満鐜涓?br />瑕佹兂鍚姩鎴栧叧闂璒RACLE緋葷粺蹇呴』棣栧厛鍒囨崲鍒癘RACLE鐢ㄦ埛錛屽涓?br />su - oracle
a銆佸惎鍔∣RACLE緋葷粺
oracle>svrmgrl
SVRMGR>connect internal
SVRMGR>startup
SVRMGR>quit
b銆佸叧闂璒RACLE緋葷粺
oracle>svrmgrl
SVRMGR>connect internal
SVRMGR>shutdown
SVRMGR>quit
鍚姩oracle9i鏁版嵁搴撳懡浠わ細
錛?nbsp;sqlplus /nolog
SQL*Plus: Release 9.2.0.1.0 - Production on Fri Oct 31 13:53:53 2003
Copyright (c) 1982, 2002, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.
SQL> connect / as sysdba
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> startup^C
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.
2銆佸湪鍙屾満鐜涓?br />瑕佹兂鍚姩鎴栧叧闂璒RACLE緋葷粺蹇呴』棣栧厛鍒囨崲鍒皉oot鐢ㄦ埛錛屽涓?br />su 錛?nbsp;root
a銆佸惎鍔∣RACLE緋葷粺
hareg 錛峺 oracle
b銆佸叧闂璒RACLE緋葷粺
hareg 錛峮 oracle
Oracle鏁版嵁搴撴湁鍝嚑縐嶅惎鍔ㄦ柟寮?br />
璇存槑錛?br />
鏈変互涓嬪嚑縐嶅惎鍔ㄦ柟寮忥細
1銆乻tartup nomount
闈炲畨瑁呭惎鍔紝榪欑鏂瑰紡鍚姩涓嬪彲鎵ц錛氶噸寤烘帶鍒舵枃浠躲侀噸寤烘暟鎹簱
璇誨彇init.ora鏂囦歡錛屽惎鍔╥nstance錛屽嵆鍚姩SGA鍜屽悗鍙拌繘紼嬶紝榪欑鍚姩鍙渶瑕乮nit.ora鏂囦歡銆?br />
2銆乻tartup mount dbname
瀹夎鍚姩錛岃繖縐嶆柟寮忓惎鍔ㄤ笅鍙墽琛岋細
鏁版嵁搴撴棩蹇楀綊妗c?br />鏁版嵁搴撲粙璐ㄦ仮澶嶃?br />浣挎暟鎹枃浠惰仈鏈烘垨鑴辨満錛?br />閲嶆柊瀹氫綅鏁版嵁鏂囦歡銆侀噸鍋氭棩蹇楁枃浠躲?br />
鎵ц“nomount”錛岀劧鍚庢墦寮鎺у埗鏂囦歡錛岀‘璁ゆ暟鎹枃浠跺拰鑱旀満鏃ュ織鏂囦歡鐨勪綅緗紝
浣嗘鏃朵笉瀵規暟鎹枃浠跺拰鏃ュ織鏂囦歡榪涜鏍¢獙媯鏌ャ?br />
3銆乻tartup open dbname
鍏堟墽琛?#8220;nomount”錛岀劧鍚庢墽琛?#8220;mount”錛屽啀鎵撳紑鍖呮嫭Redo log鏂囦歡鍦ㄥ唴鐨勬墍鏈夋暟鎹簱鏂囦歡錛?br />榪欑鏂瑰紡涓嬪彲璁塊棶鏁版嵁搴撲腑鐨勬暟鎹?br />
4銆乻tartup錛岀瓑浜庝互涓嬩笁涓懡浠?br />startup nomount
alter database mount
alter database open
5銆乻tartup restrict
綰︽潫鏂瑰紡鍚姩
榪欑鏂瑰紡鑳藉鍚姩鏁版嵁搴擄紝浣嗗彧鍏佽鍏鋒湁涓瀹氱壒鏉冪殑鐢ㄦ埛璁塊棶
闈炵壒鏉冪敤鎴瘋闂椂錛屼細鍑虹幇浠ヤ笅鎻愮ず錛?br />ERROR錛?br />ORA-01035: ORACLE 鍙厑璁稿叿鏈?nbsp;RESTRICTED SESSION 鏉冮檺鐨勭敤鎴蜂嬌鐢?br />
6銆乻tartup force
寮哄埗鍚姩鏂瑰紡
褰撲笉鑳藉叧闂暟鎹簱鏃訛紝鍙互鐢╯tartup force鏉ュ畬鎴愭暟鎹簱鐨勫叧闂?br />鍏堝叧闂暟鎹簱錛屽啀鎵ц姝e父鍚姩鏁版嵁搴撳懡浠?br />
7銆乻tartup pfile=鍙傛暟鏂囦歡鍚?br />甯﹀垵濮嬪寲鍙傛暟鏂囦歡鐨勫惎鍔ㄦ柟寮?br />鍏堣鍙栧弬鏁版枃浠訛紝鍐嶆寜鍙傛暟鏂囦歡涓殑璁劇疆鍚姩鏁版嵁搴?br />渚嬶細startup pfile=E:Oracleadminoradbpfileinit.ora
8銆乻tartup EXCLUSIVE
浜屻佺敤鎴峰浣曟湁鏁堝湴鍒╃敤鏁版嵁瀛楀吀
銆ORACLE鐨勬暟鎹瓧鍏告槸鏁版嵁搴撶殑閲嶈緇勬垚閮ㄥ垎涔嬩竴錛屽畠闅忕潃鏁版嵁搴撶殑浜х敓鑰屼駭鐢? 闅忕潃鏁版嵁搴撶殑鍙樺寲鑰屽彉鍖?
浣撶幇涓簊ys鐢ㄦ埛涓嬬殑涓浜涜〃鍜岃鍥俱傛暟鎹瓧鍏稿悕縐版槸澶у啓鐨勮嫳鏂囧瓧絎︺?br />
鏁版嵁瀛楀吀閲屽瓨鏈夌敤鎴蜂俊鎭佺敤鎴風殑鏉冮檺淇℃伅銆佹墍鏈夋暟鎹璞′俊鎭佽〃鐨勭害鏉熸潯浠躲佺粺璁″垎鏋愭暟鎹簱鐨勮鍥劇瓑銆?br />鎴戜滑涓嶈兘鎵嬪伐淇敼鏁版嵁瀛楀吀閲岀殑淇℃伅銆?br />
銆銆寰堝鏃跺欙紝涓鑸殑ORACLE鐢ㄦ埛涓嶇煡閬撳浣曟湁鏁堝湴鍒╃敤瀹冦?br />
銆銆dictionary銆銆銆鍏ㄩ儴鏁版嵁瀛楀吀琛ㄧ殑鍚嶇О鍜岃В閲婏紝瀹冩湁涓涓悓涔夎瘝dict
dict_column銆銆 鍏ㄩ儴鏁版嵁瀛楀吀琛ㄩ噷瀛楁鍚嶇О鍜岃В閲?br />
濡傛灉鎴戜滑鎯蟲煡璇㈣窡绱㈠紩鏈夊叧鐨勬暟鎹瓧鍏告椂錛屽彲浠ョ敤涓嬮潰榪欐潯SQL璇彞:
SQL>select * from dictionary where instr(comments,'index')>0;
濡傛灉鎴戜滑鎯崇煡閬搖ser_indexes琛ㄥ悇瀛楁鍚嶇О鐨勮緇嗗惈涔夛紝鍙互鐢ㄤ笅闈㈣繖鏉QL璇彞:
SQL>select column_name,comments from dict_columns where table_name='USER_INDEXES';
渚濇綾繪帹錛屽氨鍙互杞繪澗鐭ラ亾鏁版嵁瀛楀吀鐨勮緇嗗悕縐板拰瑙i噴錛屼笉鐢ㄦ煡鐪婳RACLE鐨勫叾瀹冩枃妗h祫鏂欎簡銆?br />
涓嬮潰鎸夌被鍒垪鍑轟竴浜汷RACLE鐢ㄦ埛甯哥敤鏁版嵁瀛楀吀鐨勬煡璇嬌鐢ㄦ柟娉曘?br />
1銆佺敤鎴?br />
鏌ョ湅褰撳墠鐢ㄦ埛鐨勭己鐪佽〃絀洪棿
SQL>select username,default_tablespace from user_users;
鏌ョ湅褰撳墠鐢ㄦ埛鐨勮鑹?br /> SQL>select * from user_role_privs;
鏌ョ湅褰撳墠鐢ㄦ埛鐨勭郴緇熸潈闄愬拰琛ㄧ駭鏉冮檺
SQL>select * from user_sys_privs;
SQL>select * from user_tab_privs;
2銆佽〃
鏌ョ湅鐢ㄦ埛涓嬫墍鏈夌殑琛?br /> SQL>select * from user_tables;
鏌ョ湅鍚嶇О鍖呭惈log瀛楃鐨勮〃
SQL>select object_name,object_id from user_objects
where instr(object_name,'LOG')>0;
鏌ョ湅鏌愯〃鐨勫垱寤烘椂闂?br /> SQL>select object_name,created from user_objects where object_name=upper('&table_name');
鏌ョ湅鏌愯〃鐨勫ぇ灝?br /> SQL>select sum(bytes)/(1024*1024) as "size(M)" from user_segments
where segment_name=upper('&table_name');
鏌ョ湅鏀懼湪ORACLE鐨勫唴瀛樺尯閲岀殑琛?br /> SQL>select table_name,cache from user_tables where instr(cache,'Y')>0;
3銆佺儲寮?br />
鏌ョ湅绱㈠紩涓暟鍜岀被鍒?br /> SQL>select index_name,index_type,table_name from user_indexes order by table_name;
鏌ョ湅绱㈠紩琚儲寮曠殑瀛楁
SQL>select * from user_ind_columns where index_name=upper('&index_name');
鏌ョ湅绱㈠紩鐨勫ぇ灝?br /> SQL>select sum(bytes)/(1024*1024) as "size(M)" from user_segments
where segment_name=upper('&index_name');
4銆佸簭鍒楀彿
鏌ョ湅搴忓垪鍙鳳紝last_number鏄綋鍓嶅?br /> SQL>select * from user_sequences;
5銆佽鍥?br />
鏌ョ湅瑙嗗浘鐨勫悕縐?br /> SQL>select view_name from user_views;
鏌ョ湅鍒涘緩瑙嗗浘鐨剆elect璇彞
SQL>set view_name,text_length from user_views;
SQL>set long 2000; 璇存槑錛氬彲浠ユ牴鎹鍥劇殑text_length鍊艱瀹歴et long 鐨勫ぇ灝?br /> SQL>select text from user_views where view_name=upper('&view_name');
6銆佸悓涔夎瘝
鏌ョ湅鍚屼箟璇嶇殑鍚嶇О
SQL>select * from user_synonyms;
7銆佺害鏉熸潯浠?br />
鏌ョ湅鏌愯〃鐨勭害鏉熸潯浠?br /> SQL>select constraint_name, constraint_type,search_condition, r_constraint_name
from user_constraints where table_name = upper('&table_name');
SQL>select c.constraint_name,c.constraint_type,cc.column_name
from user_constraints c,user_cons_columns cc
where c.owner = upper('&table_owner') and c.table_name = upper('&table_name')
and c.owner = cc.owner and c.constraint_name = cc.constraint_name
order by cc.position;
8銆佸瓨鍌ㄥ嚱鏁板拰榪囩▼
鏌ョ湅鍑芥暟鍜岃繃紼嬬殑鐘舵?br /> SQL>select object_name,status from user_objects where object_type='FUNCTION';
SQL>select object_name,status from user_objects where object_type='PROCEDURE';
鏌ョ湅鍑芥暟鍜岃繃紼嬬殑婧愪唬鐮?br /> SQL>select text from all_source where owner=user and name=upper('&plsql_name');
涓夈佹煡鐪嬫暟鎹簱鐨凷QL
1銆佹煡鐪嬭〃絀洪棿鐨勫悕縐板強澶у皬
select t.tablespace_name, round(sum(bytes/(1024*1024)),0) ts_size
from dba_tablespaces t, dba_data_files d
where t.tablespace_name = d.tablespace_name
group by t.tablespace_name;
2銆佹煡鐪嬭〃絀洪棿鐗╃悊鏂囦歡鐨勫悕縐板強澶у皬
select tablespace_name, file_id, file_name,
round(bytes/(1024*1024),0) total_space
from dba_data_files
order by tablespace_name;
3銆佹煡鐪嬪洖婊氭鍚嶇О鍙婂ぇ灝?br />
select segment_name, tablespace_name, r.status,
(initial_extent/1024) InitialExtent,(next_extent/1024) NextExtent,
max_extents, v.curext CurExtent
From dba_rollback_segs r, v錛剅ollstat v
Where r.segment_id = v.usn(+)
order by segment_name ;
4銆佹煡鐪嬫帶鍒舵枃浠?br />
select name from v錛刢ontrolfile;
5銆佹煡鐪嬫棩蹇楁枃浠?br />
select member from v錛刲ogfile;
6銆佹煡鐪嬭〃絀洪棿鐨勪嬌鐢ㄦ儏鍐?br />
select sum(bytes)/(1024*1024) as free_space,tablespace_name
from dba_free_space
group by tablespace_name;
SELECT A.TABLESPACE_NAME,A.BYTES TOTAL,B.BYTES USED, C.BYTES FREE,
(B.BYTES*100)/A.BYTES "% USED",(C.BYTES*100)/A.BYTES "% FREE"
FROM SYS.SM錛凾S_AVAIL A,SYS.SM錛凾S_USED B,SYS.SM錛凾S_FREE C
WHERE A.TABLESPACE_NAME=B.TABLESPACE_NAME AND A.TABLESPACE_NAME=C.TABLESPACE_NAME;
7銆佹煡鐪嬫暟鎹簱搴撳璞?br />
select owner, object_type, status, count(*) count# from all_objects group by owner, object_type, status;
8銆佹煡鐪嬫暟鎹簱鐨勭増鏈?br />
Select version FROM Product_component_version
Where SUBSTR(PRODUCT,1,6)='Oracle';
9銆佹煡鐪嬫暟鎹簱鐨勫垱寤烘棩鏈熷拰褰掓。鏂瑰紡
Select Created, Log_Mode, Log_Mode From V錛凞atabase;
鍥涖丱RACLE鐢ㄦ埛榪炴帴鐨勭鐞?br />
鐢ㄧ郴緇熺鐞嗗憳錛屾煡鐪嬪綋鍓嶆暟鎹簱鏈夊嚑涓敤鎴瘋繛鎺ワ細
SQL> select username,sid,serial# from v錛剆ession;
濡傛灉瑕佸仠鏌愪釜榪炴帴鐢?br />
SQL> alter system kill session 'sid,serial#';
濡傛灉榪欏懡浠や笉琛?鎵懼畠UNIX鐨勮繘紼嬫暟
SQL> select pro.spid from v錛剆ession ses,v錛刾rocess pro where ses.sid=21 and ses.paddr=pro.addr;
璇存槑錛?1鏄煇涓繛鎺ョ殑sid鏁?br />
鐒跺悗鐢?nbsp;kill 鍛戒護鏉姝よ繘紼嬪彿銆?br />
浜斻丼QL*PLUS浣跨敤
a銆佽繎鍏QL*Plus
錛剆qlplus 鐢ㄦ埛鍚?瀵嗙爜
閫鍑篠QL*Plus
SQL>exit
b銆佸湪sqlplus涓嬪緱鍒板府鍔╀俊鎭?br />鍒楀嚭鍏ㄩ儴SQL鍛戒護鍜孲QL*Plus鍛戒護
SQL>help
鍒楀嚭鏌愪釜鐗瑰畾鐨勫懡浠ょ殑淇℃伅
SQL>help 鍛戒護鍚?br />
c銆佹樉紺鴻〃緇撴瀯鍛戒護DESCRIBE
SQL>DESC 琛ㄥ悕
d銆丼QL*Plus涓殑緙栬緫鍛戒護
鏄劇ずSQL緙撳啿鍖哄懡浠?br />SQL>L
淇敼SQL鍛戒護
棣栧厛瑕佸皢寰呮敼姝h鍙樹負褰撳墠琛?br />SQL>n
鐢–HANGE鍛戒護淇敼鍐呭
SQL>c/鏃?鏂?br />閲嶆柊紜鏄惁宸叉紜?br />SQL>L
浣跨敤INPUT鍛戒護鍙互鍦⊿QL緙撳啿鍖轟腑澧炲姞涓琛屾垨澶氳
SQL>i
SQL>杈撳叆鍐呭
e銆佽皟鐢ㄥ閮ㄧ郴緇熺紪杈戝櫒
SQL>edit 鏂囦歡鍚?br />鍙互浣跨敤DEFINE鍛戒護璁劇疆緋葷粺鍙橀噺EDITOR鏉ユ敼鍙樻枃鏈紪杈戝櫒鐨勭被鍨嬶紝鍦╨ogin.sql鏂囦歡涓畾涔夊涓嬩竴琛?br />DEFINE_EDITOR=vi
f銆佽繍琛屽懡浠ゆ枃浠?br />SQL>START test
SQL>@test
甯哥敤SQL*Plus璇彞
a銆佽〃鐨勫垱寤恒佷慨鏀廣佸垹闄?br />鍒涘緩琛ㄧ殑鍛戒護鏍煎紡濡備笅錛?br />create table 琛ㄥ悕 錛堝垪璇存槑鍒楄〃錛夛紱
涓哄熀琛ㄥ鍔犳柊鍒楀懡浠ゅ涓嬶細
ALTER TABLE 琛ㄥ悕 ADD 錛堝垪璇存槑鍒楄〃錛?br />渚嬶細涓簍est琛ㄥ鍔犱竴鍒桝ge錛岀敤鏉ュ瓨鏀懼勾榫?br /> sql>alter table test
add 錛圓ge number(3)錛夛紱
淇敼鍩鴻〃鍒楀畾涔夊懡浠ゅ涓嬶細
ALTER TABLE 琛ㄥ悕
MODIFY 錛堝垪鍚?nbsp;鏁版嵁綾誨瀷錛?br />渚嬶細灝唗est琛ㄤ腑鐨凜ount鍒楀搴﹀姞闀夸負10涓瓧絎?br /> sql>alter atble test
modify 錛圕ounty char(10)錛夛紱
b銆佸皢涓寮犺〃鍒犻櫎璇彞鐨勬牸寮忓涓嬶細
DORP TABLE 琛ㄥ悕錛?br />渚嬶細琛ㄥ垹闄ゅ皢鍚屾椂鍒犻櫎琛ㄧ殑鏁版嵁鍜岃〃鐨勫畾涔?br />sql>drop table test
c銆佽〃絀洪棿鐨勫垱寤恒佸垹闄?br />
鍏丱RACLE閫昏緫澶囦喚鐨凷H鏂囦歡
瀹屽叏澶囦喚鐨凷H鏂囦歡錛歟xp_comp.sh
rq=` date +"%m%d" `
su - oracle -c "exp system/manager full=y inctype=complete file=/oracle/export/db_comp錛剅q.dmp"
绱澶囦喚鐨凷H鏂囦歡錛歟xp_cumu.sh
rq=` date +"%m%d" `
su - oracle -c "exp system/manager full=y inctype=cumulative file=/oracle/export/db_cumu錛剅q.dmp"
澧為噺澶囦喚鐨凷H鏂囦歡: exp_incr.sh
rq=` date +"%m%d" `
su - oracle -c "exp system/manager full=y inctype=incremental file=/oracle/export/db_incr錛剅q.dmp"
root鐢ㄦ埛crontab鏂囦歡
/var/spool/cron/crontabs/root澧炲姞浠ヤ笅鍐呭
0 2 1 * * /oracle/exp_comp.sh
30 2 * * 0-5 /oracle/exp_incr.sh
45 2 * * 6 /oracle/exp_cumu.sh
褰撶劧榪欎釜鏃墮棿琛ㄥ彲浠ユ牴鎹笉鍚岀殑闇姹傛潵鏀瑰彉鐨勶紝榪欏彧鏄竴涓緥瀛愩?br />
涓冦丱RACLE 甯哥敤鐨凷QL璇硶鍜屾暟鎹璞?br />
涓.鏁版嵁鎺у埗璇彞 (DML) 閮ㄥ垎
1.INSERT (寰鏁版嵁琛ㄩ噷鎻掑叆璁板綍鐨勮鍙?
INSERT INTO 琛ㄥ悕(瀛楁鍚?, 瀛楁鍚?, ……) VALUES ( 鍊?, 鍊?, ……);
INSERT INTO 琛ㄥ悕(瀛楁鍚?, 瀛楁鍚?, ……) SELECT (瀛楁鍚?, 瀛楁鍚?, ……) FROM 鍙﹀鐨勮〃鍚?
瀛楃涓茬被鍨嬬殑瀛楁鍊煎繀欏葷敤鍗曞紩鍙鋒嫭璧鋒潵, 渚嬪: ’GOOD DAY’
濡傛灉瀛楁鍊奸噷鍖呭惈鍗曞紩鍙?#8217; 闇瑕佽繘琛屽瓧絎︿覆杞崲, 鎴戜滑鎶婂畠鏇挎崲鎴愪袱涓崟寮曞彿'.
瀛楃涓茬被鍨嬬殑瀛楁鍊艱秴榪囧畾涔夌殑闀垮害浼氬嚭閿? 鏈濂藉湪鎻掑叆鍓嶈繘琛岄暱搴︽牎楠?
鏃ユ湡瀛楁鐨勫瓧孌靛煎彲浠ョ敤褰撳墠鏁版嵁搴撶殑緋葷粺鏃墮棿SYSDATE, 綺劇‘鍒扮
鎴栬呯敤瀛楃涓茶漿鎹㈡垚鏃ユ湡鍨嬪嚱鏁癟O_DATE(‘2001-08-01’,’YYYY-MM-DD’)
TO_DATE()榪樻湁寰堝縐嶆棩鏈熸牸寮? 鍙互鍙傜湅ORACLE DOC.
騫?鏈?鏃?nbsp;灝忔椂:鍒嗛挓:縐?nbsp;鐨勬牸寮廦YYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS
INSERT鏃舵渶澶у彲鎿嶄綔鐨勫瓧絎︿覆闀垮害灝忎簬絳変簬4000涓崟瀛楄妭, 濡傛灉瑕佹彃鍏ユ洿闀跨殑瀛楃涓? 璇瘋冭檻瀛楁鐢–LOB綾誨瀷,
鏂規硶鍊熺敤ORACLE閲岃嚜甯︾殑DBMS_LOB紼嬪簭鍖?
INSERT鏃跺鏋滆鐢ㄥ埌浠?寮濮嬭嚜鍔ㄥ闀跨殑搴忓垪鍙? 搴旇鍏堝緩绔嬩竴涓簭鍒楀彿
CREATE SEQUENCE 搴忓垪鍙風殑鍚嶇О (鏈濂芥槸琛ㄥ悕+搴忓垪鍙鋒爣璁? INCREMENT BY 1 START WITH 1
MAXVALUE 99999 CYCLE NOCACHE;
鍏朵腑鏈澶х殑鍊兼寜瀛楁鐨勯暱搴︽潵瀹? 濡傛灉瀹氫箟鐨勮嚜鍔ㄥ闀跨殑搴忓垪鍙?nbsp;NUMBER(6) , 鏈澶у間負999999
INSERT 璇彞鎻掑叆榪欎釜瀛楁鍊間負: 搴忓垪鍙風殑鍚嶇О.NEXTVAL
2.DELETE (鍒犻櫎鏁版嵁琛ㄩ噷璁板綍鐨勮鍙?
DELETE FROM琛ㄥ悕 WHERE 鏉′歡;
娉ㄦ剰錛氬垹闄よ褰曞茍涓嶈兘閲婃斁ORACLE閲岃鍗犵敤鐨勬暟鎹潡琛ㄧ┖闂? 瀹冨彧鎶婇偅浜涜鍒犻櫎鐨勬暟鎹潡鏍囨垚unused.
濡傛灉紜疄瑕佸垹闄や竴涓ぇ琛ㄩ噷鐨勫叏閮ㄨ褰? 鍙互鐢?nbsp;TRUNCATE 鍛戒護, 瀹冨彲浠ラ噴鏀懼崰鐢ㄧ殑鏁版嵁鍧楄〃絀洪棿
TRUNCATE TABLE 琛ㄥ悕;
姝ゆ搷浣滀笉鍙洖閫.
3.UPDATE (淇敼鏁版嵁琛ㄩ噷璁板綍鐨勮鍙?
UPDATE琛ㄥ悕 SET 瀛楁鍚?=鍊?, 瀛楁鍚?=鍊?, …… WHERE 鏉′歡;
濡傛灉淇敼鐨勫糔娌℃湁璧嬪兼垨瀹氫箟鏃? 灝嗘妸鍘熸潵鐨勮褰曞唴瀹規竻涓篘ULL, 鏈濂藉湪淇敼鍓嶈繘琛岄潪絀烘牎楠?
鍊糔瓚呰繃瀹氫箟鐨勯暱搴︿細鍑洪敊, 鏈濂藉湪鎻掑叆鍓嶈繘琛岄暱搴︽牎楠?.
娉ㄦ剰浜嬮」:
A. 浠ヤ笂SQL璇彞瀵硅〃閮藉姞涓婁簡琛岀駭閿?
紜瀹屾垚鍚? 蹇呴』鍔犱笂浜嬬墿澶勭悊緇撴潫鐨勫懡浠?nbsp;COMMIT 鎵嶈兘姝e紡鐢熸晥,
鍚﹀垯鏀瑰彉涓嶄竴瀹氬啓鍏ユ暟鎹簱閲?
濡傛灉鎯蟲挙鍥炶繖浜涙搷浣? 鍙互鐢ㄥ懡浠?nbsp;ROLLBACK 澶嶅師.
B. 鍦ㄨ繍琛孖NSERT, DELETE 鍜?nbsp;UPDATE 璇彞鍓嶆渶濂戒及綆椾竴涓嬪彲鑳芥搷浣滅殑璁板綍鑼冨洿,
搴旇鎶婂畠闄愬畾鍦ㄨ緝灝?nbsp;(涓涓囨潯璁板綍) 鑼冨洿鍐?. 鍚﹀垯ORACLE澶勭悊榪欎釜浜嬬墿鐢ㄥ埌寰堝ぇ鐨勫洖閫孌?
紼嬪簭鍝嶅簲鎱㈢敋鑷沖け鍘誨搷搴? 濡傛灉璁板綍鏁頒笂鍗佷竾浠ヤ笂榪欎簺鎿嶄綔, 鍙互鎶婅繖浜汼QL璇彞鍒嗘鍒嗘瀹屾垚,
鍏墮棿鍔犱笂COMMIT 紜浜嬬墿澶勭悊.
浜?鏁版嵁瀹氫箟 (DDL) 閮ㄥ垎
1.CREATE (鍒涘緩琛? 绱㈠紩, 瑙嗗浘, 鍚屼箟璇? 榪囩▼, 鍑芥暟, 鏁版嵁搴撻摼鎺ョ瓑)
ORACLE甯哥敤鐨勫瓧孌電被鍨嬫湁
CHAR 鍥哄畾闀垮害鐨勫瓧絎︿覆
VARCHAR2 鍙彉闀垮害鐨勫瓧絎︿覆
NUMBER(M,N) 鏁板瓧鍨婱鏄綅鏁版婚暱搴? N鏄皬鏁扮殑闀垮害
DATE 鏃ユ湡綾誨瀷
鍒涘緩琛ㄦ椂瑕佹妸杈冨皬鐨勪笉涓虹┖鐨勫瓧孌墊斁鍦ㄥ墠闈? 鍙兘涓虹┖鐨勫瓧孌墊斁鍦ㄥ悗闈?br />
鍒涘緩琛ㄦ椂鍙互鐢ㄤ腑鏂囩殑瀛楁鍚? 浣嗘渶濂借繕鏄敤鑻辨枃鐨勫瓧孌靛悕
鍒涘緩琛ㄦ椂鍙互緇欏瓧孌靛姞涓婇粯璁ゅ? 渚嬪 DEFAULT SYSDATE
榪欐牱姣忔鎻掑叆鍜屼慨鏀規椂, 涓嶇敤紼嬪簭鎿嶄綔榪欎釜瀛楁閮借兘寰楀埌鍔ㄤ綔鐨勬椂闂?br />
鍒涘緩琛ㄦ椂鍙互緇欏瓧孌靛姞涓婄害鏉熸潯浠?br />渚嬪 涓嶅厑璁擱噸澶?nbsp;UNIQUE, 鍏抽敭瀛?nbsp;PRIMARY KEY
2.ALTER (鏀瑰彉琛? 绱㈠紩, 瑙嗗浘絳?
鏀瑰彉琛ㄧ殑鍚嶇О
ALTER TABLE 琛ㄥ悕1 TO 琛ㄥ悕2;
鍦ㄨ〃鐨勫悗闈㈠鍔犱竴涓瓧孌?br />ALTER TABLE琛ㄥ悕 ADD 瀛楁鍚?nbsp;瀛楁鍚嶆弿榪?
淇敼琛ㄩ噷瀛楁鐨勫畾涔夋弿榪?br />ALTER TABLE琛ㄥ悕 MODIFY瀛楁鍚?nbsp;瀛楁鍚嶆弿榪?
緇欒〃閲岀殑瀛楁鍔犱笂綰︽潫鏉′歡
ALTER TABLE 琛ㄥ悕 ADD CONSTRAINT 綰︽潫鍚?nbsp;PRIMARY KEY (瀛楁鍚?;
ALTER TABLE 琛ㄥ悕 ADD CONSTRAINT 綰︽潫鍚?nbsp;UNIQUE (瀛楁鍚?;
鎶婅〃鏀懼湪鎴栧彇鍑烘暟鎹簱鐨勫唴瀛樺尯
ALTER TABLE 琛ㄥ悕 CACHE;
ALTER TABLE 琛ㄥ悕 NOCACHE;
3.DROP (鍒犻櫎琛? 绱㈠紩, 瑙嗗浘, 鍚屼箟璇? 榪囩▼, 鍑芥暟, 鏁版嵁搴撻摼鎺ョ瓑)
鍒犻櫎琛ㄥ拰瀹冩墍鏈夌殑綰︽潫鏉′歡
DROP TABLE 琛ㄥ悕 CASCADE CONSTRAINTS;
4.TRUNCATE (娓呯┖琛ㄩ噷鐨勬墍鏈夎褰? 淇濈暀琛ㄧ殑緇撴瀯)
TRUNCATE 琛ㄥ悕;
涓?鏌ヨ璇彞 (SELECT) 閮ㄥ垎
SELECT瀛楁鍚?, 瀛楁鍚?, …… FROM 琛ㄥ悕1, [琛ㄥ悕2, ……] WHERE 鏉′歡;
瀛楁鍚嶅彲浠ュ甫鍏ュ嚱鏁?br /> 渚嬪: COUNT(*), MIN(瀛楁鍚?, MAX(瀛楁鍚?, AVG(瀛楁鍚?, DISTINCT(瀛楁鍚?,
TO_CHAR(DATE瀛楁鍚?'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS')
NVL(EXPR1, EXPR2)鍑芥暟
瑙i噴:
IF EXPR1=NULL
RETURN EXPR2
ELSE
RETURN EXPR1
DECODE(AA錒怴1錒怰1錒怴2錒怰2....)鍑芥暟
瑙i噴:
IF AA=V1 THEN RETURN R1
IF AA=V2 THEN RETURN R2
..…
ELSE
RETURN NULL
LPAD(char1,n,char2)鍑芥暟
瑙i噴:
瀛楃char1鎸夊埗瀹氱殑浣嶆暟n鏄劇ず錛屼笉瓚崇殑浣嶆暟鐢╟har2瀛楃涓叉浛鎹㈠乏杈圭殑絀轟綅
瀛楁鍚嶄箣闂村彲浠ヨ繘琛岀畻鏈繍綆?br />渚嬪: (瀛楁鍚?*瀛楁鍚?)/3
鏌ヨ璇彞鍙互宓屽
渚嬪: SELECT …… FROM
(SELECT …… FROM琛ㄥ悕1, [琛ㄥ悕2, ……] WHERE 鏉′歡) WHERE 鏉′歡2;
涓や釜鏌ヨ璇彞鐨勭粨鏋滃彲浠ュ仛闆嗗悎鎿嶄綔
渚嬪: 騫墮泦UNION(鍘繪帀閲嶅璁板綍), 騫墮泦UNION ALL(涓嶅幓鎺夐噸澶嶈褰?, 宸泦MINUS, 浜ら泦INTERSECT
鍒嗙粍鏌ヨ
SELECT瀛楁鍚?, 瀛楁鍚?, …… FROM 琛ㄥ悕1, [琛ㄥ悕2, ……] GROUP BY瀛楁鍚?
[HAVING 鏉′歡] ;
涓や釜浠ヤ笂琛ㄤ箣闂寸殑榪炴帴鏌ヨ
SELECT瀛楁鍚?, 瀛楁鍚?, …… FROM 琛ㄥ悕1, [琛ㄥ悕2, ……] WHERE
琛ㄥ悕1.瀛楁鍚?nbsp;= 琛ㄥ悕2. 瀛楁鍚?nbsp;[ AND ……] ;
SELECT瀛楁鍚?, 瀛楁鍚?, …… FROM 琛ㄥ悕1, [琛ㄥ悕2, ……] WHERE
琛ㄥ悕1.瀛楁鍚?nbsp;= 琛ㄥ悕2. 瀛楁鍚?+) [ AND ……] ;
鏈?+)鍙風殑瀛楁浣嶇疆鑷姩琛ョ┖鍊?br />
鏌ヨ緇撴灉闆嗙殑鎺掑簭鎿嶄綔, 榛樿鐨勬帓搴忔槸鍗囧簭ASC, 闄嶅簭鏄疍ESC
SELECT瀛楁鍚?, 瀛楁鍚?, …… FROM 琛ㄥ悕1, [琛ㄥ悕2, ……]
ORDER BY瀛楁鍚?, 瀛楁鍚? DESC;
瀛楃涓叉ā緋婃瘮杈冪殑鏂規硶
INSTR(瀛楁鍚? ‘瀛楃涓?#8217;)>0
瀛楁鍚?nbsp;LIKE ‘瀛楃涓?’ [‘%瀛楃涓?’]
姣忎釜琛ㄩ兘鏈変竴涓殣鍚殑瀛楁ROWID, 瀹冩爣璁扮潃璁板綍鐨勫敮涓鎬?
鍥?ORACLE閲屽父鐢ㄧ殑鏁版嵁瀵硅薄 (SCHEMA)
1.绱㈠紩 (INDEX)
CREATE INDEX 绱㈠紩鍚峅N 琛ㄥ悕 ( 瀛楁1, [瀛楁2, ……] ;
ALTER INDEX 绱㈠紩鍚?nbsp;REBUILD;
涓涓〃鐨勭儲寮曟渶濂戒笉瑕佽秴榪囦笁涓?nbsp;(鐗規畩鐨勫ぇ琛ㄩ櫎澶?, 鏈濂界敤鍗曞瓧孌電儲寮? 緇撳悎SQL璇彞鐨勫垎鏋愭墽琛屾儏鍐?
涔熷彲浠ュ緩绔嬪瀛楁鐨勭粍鍚堢儲寮曞拰鍩轟簬鍑芥暟鐨勭儲寮?br />
ORACLE8.1.7瀛楃涓插彲浠ョ儲寮曠殑鏈澶ч暱搴︿負1578 鍗曞瓧鑺?br />ORACLE8.0.6瀛楃涓插彲浠ョ儲寮曠殑鏈澶ч暱搴︿負758 鍗曞瓧鑺?br />
2.瑙嗗浘 (VIEW)
CREATE VIEW 瑙嗗浘鍚岮S SELECT …. FROM …..;
ALTER VIEW瑙嗗浘鍚?nbsp;COMPILE;
瑙嗗浘浠呮槸涓涓猄QL鏌ヨ璇彞, 瀹冨彲浠ユ妸琛ㄤ箣闂村鏉傜殑鍏崇郴綆媧佸寲.
3.鍚屼箟璇?nbsp;(SYNONMY)
CREATE SYNONYM鍚屼箟璇嶅悕FOR 琛ㄥ悕;
CREATE SYNONYM鍚屼箟璇嶅悕FOR 琛ㄥ悕@鏁版嵁搴撻摼鎺ュ悕;
4.鏁版嵁搴撻摼鎺?nbsp;(DATABASE LINK)
CREATE DATABASE LINK鏁版嵁搴撻摼鎺ュ悕CONNECT TO 鐢ㄦ埛鍚?nbsp;IDENTIFIED BY 瀵嗙爜 USING ‘鏁版嵁搴撹繛鎺ュ瓧絎︿覆’;
鏁版嵁搴撹繛鎺ュ瓧絎︿覆鍙互鐢∟ET8 EASY CONFIG鎴栬呯洿鎺ヤ慨鏀筎NSNAMES.ORA閲屽畾涔?
鏁版嵁搴撳弬鏁癵lobal_name=true鏃惰姹傛暟鎹簱閾炬帴鍚嶇О璺熻繙绔暟鎹簱鍚嶇О涓鏍?br />
鏁版嵁搴撳叏灞鍚嶇О鍙互鐢ㄤ互涓嬪懡浠ゆ煡鍑?br />SELECT * FROM GLOBAL_NAME;
鏌ヨ榪滅鏁版嵁搴撻噷鐨勮〃
SELECT …… FROM 琛ㄥ悕@鏁版嵁搴撻摼鎺ュ悕;
浜?鏉冮檺綆$悊 (DCL) 璇彞
1.GRANT 璧嬩簬鏉冮檺
甯哥敤鐨勭郴緇熸潈闄愰泦鍚堟湁浠ヤ笅涓変釜:
CONNECT(鍩烘湰鐨勮繛鎺?, RESOURCE(紼嬪簭寮鍙?, DBA(鏁版嵁搴撶鐞?
甯哥敤鐨勬暟鎹璞℃潈闄愭湁浠ヤ笅浜斾釜:
ALL ON 鏁版嵁瀵硅薄鍚? SELECT ON 鏁版嵁瀵硅薄鍚? UPDATE ON 鏁版嵁瀵硅薄鍚?
DELETE ON 鏁版嵁瀵硅薄鍚? INSERT ON 鏁版嵁瀵硅薄鍚? ALTER ON 鏁版嵁瀵硅薄鍚?br />
GRANT CONNECT, RESOURCE TO 鐢ㄦ埛鍚?
GRANT SELECT ON 琛ㄥ悕 TO 鐢ㄦ埛鍚?
GRANT SELECT, INSERT, DELETE ON琛ㄥ悕 TO 鐢ㄦ埛鍚?, 鐢ㄦ埛鍚?;
2.REVOKE 鍥炴敹鏉冮檺
REVOKE CONNECT, RESOURCE FROM 鐢ㄦ埛鍚?
REVOKE SELECT ON 琛ㄥ悕 FROM 鐢ㄦ埛鍚?
REVOKE SELECT, INSERT, DELETE ON琛ㄥ悕 FROM 鐢ㄦ埛鍚?, 鐢ㄦ埛鍚?;
鏌ヨ鏁版嵁搴撲腑絎?3鍙烽敊璇細
select orgaddr,destaddr from sm_histable0116 where error_code='63';
鏌ヨ鏁版嵁搴撲腑寮鎴風敤鎴鋒渶澶ф彁浜ゅ拰鏈澶т笅鍙戞暟錛?nbsp;select MSISDN,TCOS,OCOS from ms_usertable錛?br />
鏌ヨ鏁版嵁搴撲腑鍚勭閿欒浠g爜鐨勬誨拰錛?br />select error_code,count(*) from sm_histable0513 group by error_code order
by error_code;
鏌ヨ鎶ヨ〃鏁版嵁搴撲腑璇濆崟緇熻縐嶇被鏌ヨ銆?br />select sum(Successcount) from tbl_MiddleMt0411 where ServiceType2=111
select sum(successcount),servicetype from tbl_middlemt0411 group by servicetype

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