1. 涓ゅぇ鍏抽敭鐗規?
闆嗙兢鏄竴緇勫崗鍚屽伐浣滅殑鏈嶅姟瀹炰綋錛岀敤浠ユ彁渚涙瘮鍗曚竴鏈嶅姟瀹炰綋鏇村叿鎵╁睍鎬т笌鍙敤鎬х殑鏈嶅姟騫沖彴銆傚湪瀹㈡埛绔湅鏉ワ紝涓涓泦緹ゅ氨璞℃槸涓涓湇鍔″疄浣擄紝浣嗕簨瀹炰笂闆嗙兢鐢變竴緇勬湇鍔″疄浣撶粍鎴愩備笌鍗曚竴鏈嶅姟瀹炰綋鐩告瘮杈冿紝闆嗙兢鎻愪緵浜嗕互涓嬩袱涓叧閿壒鎬э細
· 鍙墿灞曟э紞錛嶉泦緹ょ殑鎬ц兘涓嶉檺浜庡崟涓鐨勬湇鍔″疄浣擄紝鏂扮殑鏈嶅姟瀹炰綋鍙互鍔ㄦ佸湴鍔犲叆鍒伴泦緹わ紝浠庤屽寮洪泦緹ょ殑鎬ц兘銆?/p>
· 楂樺彲鐢ㄦэ紞錛嶉泦緹ら氳繃鏈嶅姟瀹炰綋鍐椾綑浣垮鎴風鍏嶄簬杞繪槗閬囧埌out of service鐨勮鍛娿傚湪闆嗙兢涓紝鍚屾牱鐨勬湇鍔″彲浠ョ敱澶氫釜鏈嶅姟瀹炰綋鎻愪緵銆傚鏋滀竴涓湇鍔″疄浣撳け璐ヤ簡錛屽彟涓涓湇鍔″疄浣撲細鎺ョ澶辮觸鐨勬湇鍔″疄浣撱傞泦緹ゆ彁渚涚殑浠庝竴涓嚭閿欑殑鏈嶅姟瀹炰綋鎭㈠鍒板彟涓涓湇鍔″疄浣撶殑鍔熻兘澧炲己浜嗗簲鐢ㄧ殑鍙敤鎬с?/p>
2. 涓ゅぇ鑳藉姏
涓轟簡鍏鋒湁鍙墿灞曟у拰楂樺彲鐢ㄦх壒鐐癸紝闆嗙兢鐨勫繀欏誨叿澶囦互涓嬩袱澶ц兘鍔涳細
· 璐熻澆鍧囪 錛嶏紞璐熻澆鍧囪 鑳芥妸浠誨姟姣旇緝鍧囪 鍦板垎甯冨埌闆嗙兢鐜涓嬬殑璁＄畻鍜岀綉緇滆祫婧愩?/p>
· 閿欒鎭㈠錛嶏紞鐢變簬鏌愮鍘熷洜錛屾墽琛屾煇涓換鍔＄殑璧勬簮鍑虹幇鏁呴殰錛屽彟涓鏈嶅姟瀹炰綋涓墽琛屽悓涓浠誨姟鐨勮祫婧愭帴鐫瀹屾垚浠誨姟銆傝繖縐嶇敱浜庝竴涓疄浣撲腑鐨勮祫婧愪笉鑳藉伐浣滐紝鍙︿竴涓疄浣撲腑鐨勮祫婧愰忔槑鐨勭戶緇畬鎴愪換鍔＄殑榪囩▼鍙敊璇仮澶嶃?/p>
璐熻澆鍧囪 鍜岄敊璇仮澶嶉兘瑕佹眰鍚勬湇鍔″疄浣撲腑鏈夋墽琛屽悓涓浠誨姟鐨勮祫婧愬瓨鍦紝鑰屼笖瀵逛簬鍚屼竴浠誨姟鐨勫悇涓祫婧愭潵璇達紝鎵ц浠誨姟鎵闇鐨勪俊鎭鍥撅紙淇℃伅涓婁笅鏂囷級蹇呴』鏄竴鏍風殑銆?/p>
3. 涓ゅぇ鎶鏈?
瀹炵幇闆嗙兢鍔″繀瑕佹湁浠ヤ笅涓ゅぇ鎶鏈細
· 闆嗙兢鍦板潃錛嶏紞闆嗙兢鐢卞涓湇鍔″疄浣撶粍鎴愶紝闆嗙兢瀹㈡埛绔氳繃璁塊棶闆嗙兢鐨勯泦緹ゅ湴鍧鑾峰彇闆嗙兢鍐呴儴鍚勬湇鍔″疄浣撶殑鍔熻兘銆傚叿鏈夊崟涓闆嗙兢鍦板潃錛堜篃鍙崟涓褰卞儚錛夋槸闆嗙兢鐨勪竴涓熀鏈壒寰併傜淮鎶ら泦緹ゅ湴鍧鐨勮緗縐頒負璐熻澆鍧囪 鍣ㄣ傝礋杞藉潎琛″櫒鍐呴儴璐熻矗綆＄悊鍚勪釜鏈嶅姟瀹炰綋鐨勫姞鍏ュ拰閫鍑猴紝澶栭儴璐熻矗闆嗙兢鍦板潃鍚戝唴閮ㄦ湇鍔″疄浣撳湴鍧鐨勮漿鎹€傛湁鐨勮礋杞藉潎琛″櫒瀹炵幇鐪熸鐨勮礋杞藉潎琛＄畻娉曪紝鏈夌殑鍙敮鎸佷換鍔＄殑杞崲銆傚彧瀹炵幇浠誨姟杞崲鐨勮礋杞藉潎琛″櫒閫傜敤浜庢敮鎸丄CTIVE-STANDBY鐨勯泦緹ょ幆澧冿紝鍦ㄩ偅閲岋紝闆嗙兢涓彧鏈変竴涓湇鍔″疄浣撳伐浣滐紝褰撴鍦ㄥ伐浣滅殑鏈嶅姟瀹炰綋鍙戠敓鏁呴殰鏃訛紝璐熻澆鍧囪 鍣ㄦ妸鍚庢潵鐨勪換鍔¤漿鍚戝彟澶栦竴涓湇鍔″疄浣撱?/p>
· 鍐呴儴閫氫俊錛嶏紞涓轟簡鑳藉崗鍚屽伐浣溿佸疄鐜拌礋杞藉潎琛″拰閿欒鎭㈠錛岄泦緹ゅ悇瀹炰綋闂村繀欏繪椂甯擱氫俊錛屾瘮濡傝礋杞藉潎琛″櫒瀵規湇鍔″疄浣撳績璺蟲祴璇曚俊鎭佹湇鍔″疄浣撻棿浠誨姟鎵ц涓婁笅鏂囦俊鎭殑閫氫俊銆?/p>
鍏鋒湁鍚屼竴涓泦緹ゅ湴鍧浣垮緱瀹㈡埛绔兘璁塊棶闆嗙兢鎻愪緵鐨勮綆楁湇鍔★紝涓涓泦緹ゅ湴鍧涓嬮殣钘忎簡鍚勪釜鏈嶅姟瀹炰綋鐨勫唴閮ㄥ湴鍧錛屼嬌寰楀鎴瘋姹傜殑璁＄畻鏈嶅姟鑳藉湪鍚勪釜鏈嶅姟瀹炰綋涔嬮棿鍒嗗竷銆傚唴閮ㄩ氫俊鏄泦緹よ兘姝ｅ父榪愯漿鐨勫熀紜錛屽畠浣垮緱闆嗙兢鍏鋒湁鍧囪 璐熻澆鍜岄敊璇仮澶嶇殑鑳藉姏銆?/p>
闆嗙兢鍒嗙被
Linux闆嗙兢涓昏鍒嗘垚涓夊ぇ綾? 楂樺彲鐢ㄩ泦緹わ紝 璐熻澆鍧囪 闆嗙兢錛岀瀛﹁綆楅泦緹?
楂樺彲鐢ㄩ泦緹? High Availability Cluster)
璐熻澆鍧囪 闆嗙兢(Load Balance Cluster)
縐戝璁＄畻闆嗙兢(High Performance Computing Cluster)
================================================
鍏蜂綋鍖呮嫭錛?/p>
Linux High Availability 楂樺彲鐢ㄩ泦緹?nbsp;
(鏅氫袱鑺傜偣鍙屾満鐑錛屽鑺傜偣HA闆嗙兢錛孯AC, shared, share-nothing闆嗙兢絳?
Linux Load Balance 璐熻澆鍧囪 闆嗙兢
(LVS絳?...)
Linux High Performance Computing 楂樻ц兘縐戝璁＄畻闆嗙兢
(Beowulf 綾婚泦緹?...)
鍒嗗竷寮忓瓨鍌?nbsp;
鍏朵粬綾籰inux闆嗙兢
(濡侽penmosix, rendering farm 絳?.)
璇︾粏浠嬬粛
1. 楂樺彲鐢ㄩ泦緹?High Availability Cluster)
甯歌鐨勫氨鏄?涓妭鐐瑰仛鎴愮殑HA闆嗙兢錛屾湁寰堝閫氫織鐨勪笉縐戝鐨勫悕縐幫紝姣斿"鍙屾満鐑", "鍙屾満浜掑", "鍙屾満".
楂樺彲鐢ㄩ泦緹よВ鍐崇殑鏄繚闅滅敤鎴風殑搴旂敤紼嬪簭鎸佺畫瀵瑰鎻愪緵鏈嶅姟鐨勮兘鍔涖?(璇鋒敞鎰忛珮鍙敤闆嗙兢鏃笉鏄敤鏉ヤ繚鎶や笟鍔℃暟鎹殑錛屼繚鎶ょ殑鏄敤鎴風殑涓氬姟紼嬪簭瀵瑰涓嶉棿鏂彁渚涙湇鍔★紝鎶婂洜杞歡/紜歡/浜轟負閫犳垚鐨勬晠闅滃涓氬姟鐨勫獎鍝嶉檷浣庡埌鏈灝忕▼搴?銆?/p>
2. 璐熻澆鍧囪 闆嗙兢(Load Balance Cluster)
璐熻澆鍧囪 緋葷粺錛氶泦緹や腑鎵鏈夌殑鑺傜偣閮藉浜庢椿鍔ㄧ姸鎬侊紝瀹冧滑鍒嗘憡緋葷粺鐨勫伐浣滆礋杞姐備竴鑸琖eb鏈嶅姟鍣ㄩ泦緹ゃ佹暟鎹簱闆嗙兢鍜屽簲鐢ㄦ湇鍔″櫒闆嗙兢閮藉睘浜庤繖縐嶇被鍨嬨?/p>
璐熻澆鍧囪 闆嗙兢涓鑸敤浜庣浉搴旂綉緇滆姹傜殑緗戦〉鏈嶅姟鍣紝鏁版嵁搴撴湇鍔″櫒銆傝繖縐嶉泦緹ゅ彲浠ュ湪鎺ュ埌璇鋒眰鏃訛紝媯鏌ユ帴鍙楄姹傝緝灝戯紝涓嶇箒蹇欑殑鏈嶅姟鍣紝騫舵妸璇鋒眰杞埌榪欎簺鏈嶅姟鍣ㄤ笂銆備粠媯鏌ュ叾浠栨湇鍔″櫒鐘舵佽繖涓鐐逛笂鐪嬶紝璐熻澆鍧囪 鍜屽閿欓泦緹ゅ緢鎺ヨ繎錛屼笉鍚屼箣澶勬槸鏁伴噺涓婃洿澶氥?/p>
3. 縐戝璁＄畻闆嗙兢(High Performance Computing Cluster)
楂樻ц兘璁＄畻(High Perfermance Computing)闆嗙兢錛岀畝縐癏PC闆嗙兢銆傝繖綾婚泦緹よ嚧鍔涗簬鎻愪緵鍗曚釜璁＄畻鏈烘墍涓嶈兘鎻愪緵鐨勫己澶х殑璁＄畻鑳藉姏銆?/p>
楂樻ц兘璁＄畻鍒嗙被銆銆
銆楂樺悶鍚愯綆?High-throughput Computing)
銆銆鏈変竴綾婚珮鎬ц兘璁＄畻錛屽彲浠ユ妸瀹冨垎鎴愯嫢騫插彲浠ュ茍琛岀殑瀛愪換鍔★紝鑰屼笖鍚勪釜瀛愪換鍔″郊姝ら棿娌℃湁浠涔堝叧鑱斻傝薄鍦ㄥ鎼滃澶栨槦浜猴紙 SETI@HOME -- Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence at Home 錛夊氨鏄繖涓綾誨瀷搴旂敤銆傝繖涓欏圭洰鏄埄鐢↖nternet涓婄殑闂茬疆鐨勮綆楄祫婧愭潵鎼滃澶栨槦浜恒係ETI欏圭洰鐨勬湇鍔″櫒灝嗕竴緇勬暟鎹拰鏁版嵁妯″紡鍙戠粰Internet涓婂弬鍔燬ETI鐨勮綆楄妭鐐癸紝璁＄畻鑺傜偣鍦ㄧ粰瀹氱殑鏁版嵁涓婄敤緇欏畾鐨勬ā寮忚繘琛屾悳绱紝鐒跺悗灝嗘悳绱㈢殑緇撴灉鍙戠粰鏈嶅姟鍣ㄣ傛湇鍔″櫒璐熻矗灝嗕粠鍚勪釜璁＄畻鑺傜偣榪斿洖鐨勬暟鎹眹闆嗘垚瀹屾暣鐨勬暟鎹傚洜涓鴻繖縐嶇被鍨嬪簲鐢ㄧ殑涓涓叡鍚岀壒寰佹槸鍦ㄦ搗閲忔暟鎹笂鎼滅儲鏌愪簺妯″紡錛屾墍浠ユ妸榪欑被璁＄畻縐頒負楂樺悶鍚愯綆椼傛墍璋撶殑Internet璁＄畻閮藉睘浜庤繖涓綾匯傛寜鐓?Flynn鐨勫垎綾伙紝楂樺悶鍚愯綆楀睘浜嶴IMD錛圫ingle Instruction/Multiple Data錛夌殑鑼冪暣銆?/p>
鍒嗗竷璁＄畻(Distributed Computing)
銆銆鍙︿竴綾昏綆楀垰濂藉拰楂樺悶鍚愯綆楃浉鍙嶏紝瀹冧滑铏界劧鍙互緇欏垎鎴愯嫢騫插茍琛岀殑瀛愪換鍔★紝浣嗘槸瀛愪換鍔￠棿鑱旂郴寰堢揣瀵嗭紝闇瑕佸ぇ閲忕殑鏁版嵁浜ゆ崲銆傛寜鐓lynn鐨勫垎綾伙紝鍒嗗竷寮忕殑楂樻ц兘璁＄畻灞炰簬MIMD錛圡ultiple Instruction/Multiple Data錛夌殑鑼冪暣銆?/p>
4. 鍒嗗竷寮忥紙闆嗙兢錛変笌闆嗙兢鐨勮仈緋諱笌鍖哄埆
鍒嗗竷寮忔槸鎸囧皢涓嶅悓鐨勪笟鍔″垎甯冨湪涓嶅悓鐨勫湴鏂廣?
鑰岄泦緹ゆ寚鐨勬槸灝嗗嚑鍙版湇鍔″櫒闆嗕腑鍦ㄤ竴璧鳳紝瀹炵幇鍚屼竴涓氬姟銆?
鍒嗗竷寮忎腑鐨勬瘡涓涓妭鐐癸紝閮藉彲浠ュ仛闆嗙兢銆?
鑰岄泦緹ゅ茍涓嶄竴瀹氬氨鏄垎甯冨紡鐨勩?
涓句緥錛氬氨姣斿鏂版氮緗戯紝璁塊棶鐨勪漢澶氫簡錛屼粬鍙互鍋氫竴涓兢闆嗭紝鍓嶉潰鏀句竴涓搷搴旀湇鍔″櫒錛屽悗闈㈠嚑鍙版湇鍔″櫒瀹屾垚鍚屼竴涓氬姟錛屽鏋滄湁涓氬姟璁塊棶鐨勬椂鍊欙紝鍝嶅簲鏈嶅姟鍣ㄧ湅鍝彴鏈嶅姟鍣ㄧ殑璐熻澆涓嶆槸寰堥噸錛屽氨灝嗙粰鍝竴鍙板幓瀹屾垚銆?
鑰屽垎甯冨紡錛屼粠紿勬剰涓婄悊瑙ｏ紝涔熻窡闆嗙兢宸笉澶氾紝 浣嗘槸瀹冪殑緇勭粐姣旇緝鏉炬暎錛屼笉鍍忛泦緹わ紝鏈変竴涓粍緇囨э紝涓鍙版湇鍔″櫒鍨簡錛屽叾瀹冪殑鏈嶅姟鍣ㄥ彲浠ラ《涓婃潵銆?
鍒嗗竷寮忕殑姣忎竴涓妭鐐癸紝閮藉畬鎴愪笉鍚岀殑涓氬姟錛屼竴涓妭鐐瑰灝浜嗭紝鍝繖涓笟鍔″氨涓嶅彲璁塊棶浜嗐?/p>
鏈枃鏉ヨ嚜CSDN鍗氬錛岃漿杞借鏍囨槑鍑哄錛歨ttp://blog.csdn.net/tanghongru1983/archive/2009/04/28/4130356.aspx