絀剁珶浠涔堟槸鈥滄枃浠剁郴緇熲濓紵Sheryl Calish 浠嬬粛浜嗚繖涓蹇典互鍙婂畠鐨勫疄闄呭簲鐢?/SPAN>
灝界鍐呮牳鏄?Linux 鐨勬牳蹇冿紝浣嗘枃浠跺嵈鏄敤鎴蜂笌鎿嶄綔緋葷粺浜や簰鎵閲囩敤鐨勪富瑕佸伐鍏楓傝繖瀵?Linux 鏉ヨ灝ゅ叾濡傛錛岃繖鏄洜涓哄湪 UNIX 浼犵粺涓紝瀹冧嬌鐢ㄦ枃浠?I/O 鏈哄埗綆$悊紜歡璁懼鍜屾暟鎹枃浠躲?
閬楁喚鐨勬槸錛屾柊鎵嬮氬父浼氭販娣嗕粙緇?Linux 鏂囦歡緋葷粺姒傚康鐨勬湳璇傛湳璇?/SPAN>鏂囦歡緋葷粺 鍙互鍦?Linux 鏂囦歡緙栧埗涓簰鎹嬌鐢紝鐢ㄤ簬鎸囦唬鍑犱釜涓嶅悓浣嗙浉鍏崇殑姒傚康銆傞櫎紓佺洏鍒嗗尯鐨勫叿浣撳疄渚嬪錛屾枃浠剁郴緇熻繕鎸囦唬鏁版嵁緇撴瀯浠ュ強鍒嗗尯涓枃浠剁殑綆$悊鏂規硶銆?/SPAN>
鍙︽柊鎵嬫洿鎰熷洶鎯戠殑鏄紝璇ユ湳璇繕鐢ㄤ簬鎸囦唬緋葷粺涓枃浠剁殑鏁翠綋緇勭粐褰㈠紡錛氱洰褰曟爲銆傛澶栵紝璇ユ湳璇繕鍙互鎸囦唬鐩綍鏍戜腑鐨勬瘡涓瓙鐩綍錛屽鍦?/home 鏂囦歡緋葷粺涓傛煇浜涗漢璁や負錛岃繖浜涚洰褰曞拰瀛愮洰褰曚笉鑳界О浣滅湡姝f剰涔変笂鐨勬枃浠剁郴緇燂紝闄ら潪瀹冧滑鍧囬┗鐣欏湪鍚勮嚜鐨勭鐩樺垎鍖轟笂銆傜劧鑰岋紝鍏朵粬浜哄嵈灝嗗叾縐頒綔鏂囦歡緋葷粺錛岃繖鏃犵枒鍙堝娣諱簡鍥版儜銆?/SPAN>
Linux 鑰佹墜鍙互浠庝笂涓嬫枃涓悊瑙h繖浜涙湳璇殑鍚箟銆傝屾柊鎵嬪嵈寰堥毦鍦ㄤ竴鏃跺崐浼氬効灝辮鯨鍒嚭榪欐牱鐨勪笂涓嬫枃銆?
鏈枃鐨勪富瑕佺洰鏍囧氨鏄彁渚涜凍澶熺殑鑳屾櫙鐭ヨ瘑錛屼互甯姪鎮ㄨ鯨鍒鏈鐨勪笂涓嬫枃銆傚湪闃愭槑鏂囦歡緋葷粺鏈鐨勭粏寰樊鍒殑榪囩▼涓紝鎮ㄨ繕灝嗗涔犲浣曞皢鏌愪簺闈炲父鏈夌敤鐨勭浉鍏沖伐鍏蜂粠鐞嗚搴旂敤涓婂崌鍒板疄闄呭簲鐢ㄣ?
鏈枃涓昏浠嬬粛浜?2.4 鐗?Linux 鍐呮牳涓殑 Linux 紓佺洏鍒嗗尯鍜屾枃浠剁鐞嗙郴緇熺壒鎬с傛澶栵紝榪樹粙緇嶄簡 2.6 鐗?Linux 鍐呮牳涓殑鏂扮壒鎬с?/SPAN>
紓佺洏鍒嗗尯姒傝堪
Linux 鍜?UNIX 涓殑鍩烘湰鏂囦歡瀛樺偍鍗曞厓閮芥槸紓佺洏鍒嗗尯錛屽嵆灝嗕竴涓垨澶氫釜紜洏鐨勯昏緫鍒掑垎錛屾搷浣滅郴緇熷皢姣忎釜閫昏緫鍒嗗尯瑙嗕負鐙珛鐨勭鐩樸傛枃浠跺拰鏂囦歡綆$悊緋葷粺鈥滃眳浣忊濆湪紓佺洏鍒嗗尯涓侺inux 灝嗚繖浜涚鐩樺垎鍖轟綔涓鴻澶囧鐞嗭紝榪涜岄氳繃 /dev 鐩綍涓殑鐗規畩鏂囦歡浣跨敤鏂囦歡 I/O 鏈哄埗銆?
鏈変袱縐嶇被鍨嬬殑璁懼鏂囦歡錛?/SPAN>鍧?/SPAN>鍜?/SPAN>瀛楃/鍘熷銆備袱鑰呬箣闂寸殑涓涓噸瑕佸樊鍒槸錛屽潡璁懼琚紦鍐詫紝鑰屽瓧絎﹁澶囧洜涓烘病鏈夋枃浠剁鐞嗙郴緇燂紝鎵浠ヤ笉琚紦鍐層傚湪 Oracle 闆嗙兢鏂囦歡緋葷粺 (OCFS) 鎺ㄥ嚭涔嬪墠錛屼嬌鐢ㄥ師濮嬭澶囨槸鎻愰珮 Oracle 鏁版嵁鏂囦歡鍒嗗尯鎬ц兘鐨勫父瑙佹柟娉曘傦紙鍦ㄦ湰鏂囩殑鍚庣畫閮ㄥ垎錛屾垜浠皢璇︾粏浠嬬粛鍘熷璁懼銆傦級
瀛樺偍鍦ㄧ鐩樻渶寮濮嬩綅緗殑鍒嗗尯琛ㄦ彁渚涗簡璇ョ鐩樹笂鍒嗗尯鐨勬槧灝勩傚彲浠ヤ嬌鐢?fdisk 鍛戒護鏌ョ湅緋葷粺鐨勫垎鍖鴻〃銆?
# fdisk -l Disk /dev/hda:240 heads, 63 sectors, 1940 cylinders Units = cylinders of 15120 * 512 bytes Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/hda 1 286 2162128+ c Win95 FAT32 (LBA) /dev/hda2 * 288 1940 12496680 5 Extended /dev/hda5 288 289 15088+ 83 Linux /dev/hda6 290 844 4195768+ 83 Linux /dev/hda7 845 983 1050808+ 82 Linux swap /dev/hda8 984 1816 6297448+ 83 Linux /dev/hda9 1817 1940 937408+ 83 Linux
鍒嗗尯琛ㄤ腑鐨勫悕縐?/dev/hda 鑷?/dev/hdd 鍒嗗埆浠h〃 IDE 椹卞姩鍣?1 鑷?4錛屽叾涓?hda 浠h〃椹卞姩鍣?1錛宧db 浠h〃椹卞姩鍣?2錛屼緷姝ょ被鎺ㄣ傞┍鍔ㄥ櫒鍐呯殑鍒嗗尯鐢ㄦ暟瀛楁寚浠o紝鍥犳 /dev/hda5 鏄涓涓?IDE 椹卞姩鍣ㄤ笂鐨勭浜斾釜鍒嗗尯銆傚浜?SCSI 椹卞姩鍣紝浣跨敤浜嗙被浼肩殑鍛藉悕妯″紡錛?dev/sda to /dev/sdd銆?
絎竴鑷崇鍥涗釜鍒嗗尯淇濈暀緇欎富鍒嗗尯錛岀浜斾釜鍙婇殢鍚庣殑鍒嗗尯鐢ㄤ簬閫昏緫鍒嗗尯銆傚洜姝わ紝浠ヤ笂鎵紺虹殑鍒嗗尯琛ㄤ腑鏈変竴涓┍鍔ㄥ櫒 hda錛屽畠鍖呭惈涓涓富鍒嗗尯 hda1銆佷竴涓墿灞曞垎鍖?hda2 鍜屼簲涓昏緫鍒嗗尯 /dev/hda5 鑷?/dev/hda9銆備互鍚嶇О shmfs 鍒楀嚭鐨勬枃浠剁郴緇熻〃紺烘牴鎹?Linux 2.4 涓殑 POSIX 鏍囧噯鎸傝澆涓虹壒孌婃枃浠剁郴緇熺殑鍏變韓鍐呭瓨鏂囦歡緋葷粺銆?/SPAN>
鎮ㄥ彲鑳藉凡緇忔敞鎰忓埌錛屽湪 fdisk 鍒楄〃涓?LBA 鏄嫭鍦ㄦ嫭鍙蜂腑鐨勩侺BA 琛ㄧず閫昏緫鍧楀鍧錛屽畠灝嗙‖鐩樼殑鏌遍潰銆佸潡鍜屾墖鍖烘ā寮忚漿鎹負綰挎у潡緙栧彿榪涜澶勭悊銆?
鍦?Linux 涓紝鍒嗗尯鍒嗕負涓誨垎鍖恒佹墿灞曞垎鍖哄拰閫昏緫鍒嗗尯銆傛湳璇?/SPAN>涓誨垎鍖?/SPAN> 鏄厛鍓?x86 緋葷粺涓婂洓涓垎鍖洪檺鍒剁殑閬楃暀浜х墿銆備笌 DOS 鍜?Windows 涓嶅悓錛孡inux 鍙互浠庝富鍒嗗尯鎴栭昏緫鍒嗗尯鍚姩銆傜敤浣滈昏緫鍒嗗尯鍗犱綅絎︾殑涓誨垎鍖虹О浣滄墿灞曞垎鍖恒傛墿灞曞垎鍖烘湰韜嫢鏈夋寚鍚戜竴涓垨澶氫釜閫昏緫鍒嗗尯錛堝畠浠彧鏄富鍒嗗尯鐨勫瓙鍒嗗尯錛夌殑鍒嗗尯琛ㄣ傚湪浠ヤ笂鐨?fdisk 鍒楄〃涓紝hda2 灝辨槸涓涓墿灞曞垎鍖恒?/SPAN>
鏂囦歡綆$悊緋葷粺姒傝堪
瑕佷嬌鍒嗗尯鍚庣殑紓佺洏鍙敤錛屽繀欏誨湪鍏朵笂鏋勫緩鏂囦歡緋葷粺銆傝繖縐嶆儏鍐典笅錛岄氬父榪樺皢鏂囦歡緋葷粺縐頒綔鈥滃垎鍖虹被鍨嬧濄佲滃熀浜庣鐩樼殑鏂囦歡緋葷粺鈥濆拰鈥滄枃浠剁郴緇熺被鍨嬧濄傚疄闄呬笂錛屽彲浠ュ皢榪欎簺鏂囦歡緋葷粺鐪嬩綔鏄枃浠剁鐞嗙郴緇燂紝榪欐槸鍥犱負璇ョО鍛兼浣撶幇浜嗗畠浠殑鍔熻兘錛氬畠浠氳繃緇存姢鏂囦歡涓婄殑鍏冩暟鎹紝浣跨郴緇熶笂鐨勬枃浠朵繚鎸佺姸鎬佷竴鑷淬?/SPAN>
Linux 欏圭洰鐨勭壒鐐逛箣涓鏄渶瑕佸疄鐜頒笌姣忎釜鍙敤瀹炵敤紼嬪簭鐨勫涓牱寮忓拰棣栭夎緗殑鍏煎鎬э紝鑰岃繖縐嶅吋瀹規у湪鍙敤鏂囦歡綆$悊緋葷粺鐨勯夋嫨涓婁綋鐜板緱鏈涓烘槑鏄俱侺inux 鍐呮牳鍐呴儴鐨勮櫄鎷熸枃浠剁郴緇?(VFS) 瀹炵幇浜嗘閫夋嫨銆俈FS 閲囩敤浜嗕竴緇勫彲鐢卞叾浠栨枃浠剁鐞嗙郴緇熶嬌鐢ㄧ殑鍩烘湰鏁版嵁緇撴瀯銆傝繖浜涙暟鎹粨鏋勬槸瓚呯駭鍧椼乮node銆乨entry錛堟垨鐩綍鏂囦歡錛夊拰鏁版嵁鍧椼?/SPAN>
姣忎釜鍒嗗尯閮藉寘鍚竴涓秴綰у潡錛岀敤浜庣淮鎶ゅ垎鍖轟腑鏂囦歡緋葷粺涓婄殑淇℃伅錛屽寘鎷竴緇勫湪姣忎釜瓚呯駭鍧椾腑鍞竴緙栧彿鐨?inode銆佺┖闂?inode 鐨勬暟鐩互鍙?inode 鎬繪暟銆佹暟鎹潡鎬繪暟銆佺┖闂叉暟鎹潡鏁板拰鏂囦歡緋葷粺鐨勭姸鎬併傛枃浠剁郴緇熺殑鐘舵佹湁涓ょ錛?/SPAN>騫插噣錛堝綋鏂囦歡澶勪簬鏈洿鏀圭姸鎬佹椂錛夊拰鑴?/SPAN>錛堝綋鏈夋湭鍐欏叆紓佺洏鐨勬枃浠剁郴緇熸洿鏀規椂錛夈傝秴綰у潡涓殑涓涓?inode 瀵瑰簲鐫涓涓枃浠躲?
闄ゆ枃浠跺悕澶栵紝inode 鍖呭惈浜嗘湁鍏蟲枃浠剁殑鎵鏈変俊鎭紝鍏朵腑鍖呮嫭錛?/SPAN>
鍙互浣跨敤浠ヤ笅鍛戒護鏌ョ湅鏂囦歡鐨?inode錛?/SPAN>
$ ls -i
姝e鍓嶉潰宸茬粡鎻愬埌鐨勶紝inode 鍙湪瓚呯駭鍧椾腑鍞竴緙栧彿錛屼笖姣忎釜鍒嗗尯鍙湁涓涓秴綰у潡錛岃繖灝辨槸紜摼鎺ユ棤娉曡法瓚婂涓垎鍖虹殑鍘熷洜銆?/SPAN>
鏂囦歡鍚嶉氳繃 dentry 瀵硅薄錛堢敤鎴風湅鍒扮殑鏄洰褰曟枃浠訛級閾炬帴鍒頒竴涓?inode 緙栧彿銆傛暟鎹潡淇濆瓨瀹為檯鐨勬枃浠舵暟鎹?/SPAN>
Linux 鏀寔浠諱綍鍏峰 VFS 瀹氫箟鐨勫熀鏈嚱鏁伴泦鐨勬枃浠剁鐞嗙郴緇熴傚浜庡儚 vfat 榪欐牱鐨勬枃浠剁鐞嗙郴緇燂紝Linux 欏圭洰鎻愪緵浜嗗畠鑷繁鐨勮澶囬┍鍔ㄧ▼搴忋?/SPAN>
鎮ㄥ彲浠ヤ粠浠ヤ笅杈撳嚭涓湅鍒幫紝涓嶅悓鐨勬枃浠剁鐞嗙郴緇熷彲浠ュ瓨鍦ㄤ簬鍚屼竴緋葷粺鐨勪笉鍚屽垎鍖轟笂銆?
df -T Filesystem Type 1K Blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on /dev/hda6 reiserfs 4195632 2015020 2180612 49% / /dev/hda5 ext2 14607 3778 10075 8% /boot /dev/hda9 reiserfs 937372 202368 735004 22% /home /dev/hda8 reiserfs 6297248 3882504 2414744 62% /opt shmfs shm 256220 0 256220 0% /dev/shm /dev/hda1 vfat 2159992 1854192 305800 86% /windows/C
褰撳墠錛孫racle 鐢ㄦ埛閬囧埌鐨勬渶甯哥敤鐨勬枃浠剁鐞嗙郴緇熸槸 ext2/ext3銆丷eiserFS錛堜笉鍙?Oracle 鏀寔錛夊拰 OCFS銆備互涓嬫槸闈?Oracle 鍒嗗尯涓昏鐗規х殑姹囨昏〃銆?/SPAN>
鐗規?/I> | ext2 | ext3 | ReiserFS3.6錛堜笉鍙?Oracle 鏀寔錛?/I> |
鏈澶у垎鍖哄ぇ灝?/SPAN> | 4TB | 4TB | 16TB |
鏈澶ф枃浠跺ぇ灝?/SPAN> | 2GB-4GB | 2GB-4GB | 8TB |
鍧楀ぇ灝?/SPAN> | 1KB-4KB | 1KB-4KB | 鍙湁 4KB |
鏃ュ織鍔熻兘 | 鏃?/SPAN> | 鏄?/SPAN> | 鏈?/SPAN> |
宕╂簝鍚庨噸鏂板惎鍔?/SPAN> | 鎱?/SPAN> | 蹇?/SPAN> | 闈炲父蹇?/SPAN> |
鐢ㄤ簬鎭㈠娓呴櫎鏂囦歡鐨勫伐鍏?/SPAN> | 鏈?/SPAN> | 鏈?/SPAN> | 鏃?/SPAN> |
宕╂簝鍚庢暟鎹殑鐘舵?/SPAN> | 鑹ソ | 闈炲父濂?/SPAN> | 涓鑸?/SPAN> |
ACL 鏀寔 | 鏈?/SPAN> | 鏈?/SPAN> | 鏃?/SPAN> |
紼沖畾鎬?/SPAN> | 浼樼 | 鑹ソ | 鑹ソ |
鐢變簬 ext2 鍜?ReiserFS 鍧囨彁渚涗簡鐢ㄦ埛綰у畨鍏ㄦт互鍙婃洿楂樻晥鐨勭鐩樼┖闂翠嬌鐢ㄧ瓑鐗規э紝鍥犳灝界鑷沖皯 ext2 紜疄鎻愪緵浜嗙鐗囨暣鐞嗗伐鍏鳳紝浣嗗嚑涔庝笉闇瑕佽繖浜涘伐鍏楓侲xt2 鏄紶緇熺殑銆佷簨瀹炰笂鐨勬爣鍑?Linux 鏂囦歡綆$悊緋葷粺銆傚畠鏄?Red Hat 鐗堟湰 Linux 鐨勯粯璁ゆ枃浠剁鐞嗙郴緇燂紝鑰?ReiserFS 鏄?SUSE 鐨勯粯璁ゆ枃浠剁鐞嗙郴緇熴俥xt2/ext3 鐨勬渶澶ф枃浠跺ぇ灝忓疄闄呬笂鍙栧喅浜庢墍閫夋嫨鐨勫潡澶у皬鍜岀‖浠朵綋緋葷粨鏋勩俥xt2 鐨勮澶氱壒鎬т箣涓鏄畠鍏佽鐢辯鐩樺垎鍖哄喅瀹氬潡澶у皬銆俁eiserFS 鎶鏈厑璁稿湪紓佺洏鍒嗗尯涓嬌鐢ㄥ彲鍙樼殑鏂囦歡澶у皬錛堣繖鏄洜涓哄畠鍩轟簬騫寵 鏍戞妧鏈屼笉鏄熀浜庤寖鍥達級錛屽洜姝ら櫎鏃ュ織鍔熻兘浠ュ錛岄珮鏁堢殑絀洪棿浣跨敤涔熸槸鍏惰璁℃墍鍥烘湁鐨勩?/SPAN>
鏃ュ織鏂囦歡綆$悊緋葷粺錛堝 ext3 鍜?ReiserFS錛夎褰曞鏂囦歡緋葷粺鍏冩暟鎹細inode銆佺┖闂插潡鍒嗛厤鏄犲皠銆乮node 鏄犲皠絳夌殑鏇存敼銆傚綋緋葷粺宕╂簝鏃訛紝鍙互閫氳繃姝ゆ柟寮忔鏌ユ棩蹇椾互鑾峰緱鏈榪戜慨鏀圭殑鍏冩暟鎹紝浠庤岀‘淇濆揩閫熸仮澶嶆枃浠剁郴緇熴傛鍔熻兘瀵瑰ぇ鍨嬬郴緇熷挨鍏墮噸瑕併傚鏋滄病鏈夋鍔熻兘錛屽垯鍦ㄥ嚭鐜扮‖浠舵晠闅滃悗錛屽浜?ext2 絳夋枃浠剁郴緇燂紝闇瑕佸湪閲嶆柊鍚姩鏃惰繍琛?fsck 宸ュ叿銆傚浜庡ぇ鍨嬫枃浠剁郴緇燂紝姝よ繃紼嬪彲鑳借鑺辮垂鍑犱釜灝忔椂銆?/SPAN>
褰撶劧錛岃褰曟棩蹇楅渶瑕佷粯鍑轟竴瀹氱殑浠d環錛屽嵆闇瑕佸湪澶勭悊鏃墮棿鍜屾仮澶嶄箣闂村姹備竴涓鉤琛°傚浜?ext3錛屽彲浠ラ夋嫨鏃ュ織璁板綍妯″紡錛岃繖浜涙ā寮忓厑璁稿湪瀵繪眰涓婅堪騫寵 鏃跺仛鍑烘煇浜涜嚜涓誨喅瀹氥?/SPAN>journal 妯″紡錛堣褰曟墍鏈夋枃浠剁郴緇熸暟鎹紝鍖呮嫭鏁版嵁鍧楀拰鍏冩暟鎹級鏄渶瀹夊叏浣嗕篃鏄渶鎱㈢殑妯″紡銆傞粯璁ゆā寮忥紙縐頒綔 orderd錛夊彧璁板綍鍏冩暟鎹紝浣嗗湪鍐欏厓鏁版嵁涔嬪墠鍏堝皢鏁版嵁鍧楀啓鍏ョ鐩橈紝浠庤屽湪蹇熸仮澶嶅拰蹇熸ц兘涔嬮棿鍙栧緱鎶樿》銆傛渶蹇殑妯″紡鏄?writeback 妯″紡錛岃妯″紡鍙褰曞厓鏁版嵁銆傚湪姝ゆā寮忎腑錛屽彲鑳戒細涓㈠け鏂囦歡鏁版嵁錛屼絾鏂囦歡緋葷粺鑷韓鐨勫畬鏁存у皢寰楀埌緇存姢銆?/SPAN>
鍦ㄧ紪鍐欐湰鏂囨。鏈熼棿錛孯eiser4 鍒氬ソ宸茬粡鍙戝竷銆傚悓 ReiserFS3.6 涓鏍鳳紝ReiserFS4 鍙褰曞厓鏁版嵁銆備笌 ReiserFS3.6 涓嶅悓鐨勬槸錛屽畠鍩轟簬鏂扮殑鑸炶箞鏍戠畻娉曪紝姝ょ畻娉曚技涔庢瘮騫寵 鏍戠畻娉曟洿蹇傚畠榪樺彲浠ユ墿灞曞埌浣跨敤鏃犳暟涓?CPU錛岃屼笖鍦ㄧ鐩樺啓鍏ユ椂鍏鋒湁鍐呯疆鍔犲瘑鍜屽帇緙╁姛鑳姐?/SPAN>
OCFS 鏄?Oracle 鐪熸搴旂敤紼嬪簭闆嗙兢 (RAC)銆侀厤緗枃浠跺拰鏁版嵁搴撴枃浠剁殑鎸囧畾鏂囦歡綆$悊緋葷粺銆傚叾浠栨枃浠訛紙鐢氳嚦鏄?Oracle 杞歡鏂囦歡錛夊皢鍦?ext2/ext3 鎴?ReiserFS 涓婅幏寰楁洿濂界殑鎬ц兘銆?/SPAN>
褰撳墠錛屽氨鏂囦歡綆$悊緋葷粺鐨勯夋嫨鏉ヨ錛屽叡鍚岀殑瑙佽В鏄紝闄ゅ皯鏁版儏鍐靛錛宔xt2銆乪xt3 鍜?ReiserFS 涔嬮棿鐨勬ц兘鍩烘湰鐩稿綋銆傜劧鑰屽湪鍚勭緋葷粺鐨勬嫢鎶よ呬箣闂村嵈鐖嗗彂浜嗘縺鐑堢殑浜夎銆俁eiserFS 鐢變簬鑳藉澶勭悊鍙彉鐨勬枃浠跺ぇ灝忥紝鍥犳鏇撮傜敤浜庡叿鏈夎澶氬皬鏂囦歡鐨勭郴緇熴傚綋鐒訛紝濡傛灉鎮ㄦ瑕佹垨璁″垝鍦?Linux 涓婅繍琛?Oracle RAC錛屽垯鍙兘闇瑕佷負 Oracle 鏁版嵁鏂囦歡鍜岄厤緗枃浠跺畨瑁?OCFS 鎴栦嬌鐢ㄨ嚜鍔ㄥ瓨鍌ㄧ鐞?(ASM)銆?/SPAN>
闄や簡鏈甯歌鐨?ext2/ext3 鍜?ReiserFS 鏂囦歡緋葷粺浠ュ錛孡inux 榪樻敮鎸佸叾浠栨湰鍦版枃浠剁郴緇燂紝鍖呮嫭 IBM 鐨?jsf 鍜?SGI 鐨?xfs銆傚浼犵粺 UNIX 鏂囦歡緋葷粺鐨勬敮鎸佸寘鎷?SYSV銆丅SD銆丼olaris銆丯ext 鍜?Veritas VxFS銆傚湪鍚勪釜綰у埆鏀寔鐨勫叾浠栨枃浠剁郴緇熷寘鎷?/SPAN>
璇鋒敞鎰忥紝Oracle 涓嶆敮鎸佹煇浜涙枃浠剁郴緇燂紝鍥犳鍦ㄤ嬌鐢ㄨ繖浜涙枃浠剁郴緇熸椂椋庨櫓鑷礋銆?
Linux 鍐呮牳 2.6 鐗堜腑鏈閲嶈鐨勬柊鐗規ф槸璁塊棶鎺у埗鍒楄〃 (ACL)銆侫CL 鍏佽涓轟竴涓垨澶氫釜鐢ㄦ埛鍒楄〃鎴栫敤鎴風粍鎺堜簣瀵瑰崟涓枃浠剁殑浣跨敤鏉冮檺銆傚叾浠栨柊鐗規у寘鎷細
澶勭悊鍒嗗尯鍜屾枃浠剁郴緇熺殑宸ュ叿
瑕佹坊鍔犱竴涓柊紓佺洏鎴栬皟鏁寸幇鏈夌鐩樼殑澶у皬錛屾偍闇瑕佷嬌鐢?fdisk 鎴?cfdisk銆傚敖綆?cfdisk 琛ㄩ潰涓婃洿鏄撲簬浣跨敤錛屼絾 fdisk 宸茶璇佸疄鏈閫傜敤浜庣鐩樺垎鍖恒備互涓嬫槸鏈夊叧浣跨敤 Linux 鐗堟湰 fdisk 鐨勫嚑涓師鍒欙紝甯姪鎮ㄤ簡瑙e叾鍙兘寰楀埌鐨勭粨鏋溿?/SPAN>
棣栧厛錛屼互瓚呯駭鐢ㄦ埛韜喚鐢ㄨ澶囧悕縐拌皟鐢?fdisk錛?/SPAN>
# fdisk /dev/hda The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 1940. There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024, and could in certain setups cause problems with: 1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO) 2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs (e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK) Command (m for help):m
鍙互閫氳繃浣跨敤 p錛堟垨 print錛夊懡浠ゆ樉紺哄垎鍖鴻〃銆備嬌鐢?n 鎴?new 鍛戒護鍙垱寤烘柊鍒嗗尯錛涗嬌鐢?w 鎴?write 鍛戒護鍙妸鏂板垎鍖鴻〃鍐欏叆紓佺洏銆傝緭鍏ユ柊鍛戒護鍚庯紝fdisk 闇瑕佺煡閬撴偍瑕佸垱寤洪昏緫鍒嗗尯榪樻槸涓誨垎鍖猴細
Command (m for help):n Command action l logical (5 or over) p primary partition (1-4) l No free sectors available Command (m for help):
鎮ㄥ彲浠ョ湅鍒幫紝濡傛灉娌℃湁浠諱綍絀洪棽絀洪棿錛堝涓婃墍紺猴級錛屽垯鎮ㄥ皢鏀跺埌浠ヤ笂娑堟伅銆備絾濡傛灉鏈夌┖闂茬┖闂達紝鍒?fdisk 闇瑕佺煡閬撴偍鎯寵鐨勫垎鍖哄彿銆傚鏋滆緭鍏モ減鈥濓紙浠h〃涓誨垎鍖猴級錛屽垯鎮ㄥ皢闇瑕佸仛鍑轟互涓嬮夋嫨銆?/SPAN>
Partition number (1-4):
瀵逛簬閫昏緫鍒嗗尯錛屾偍灝嗛渶瑕佸仛鍑轟互涓嬮夋嫨
Partition number (5 or over):
鐒跺悗錛屾偍鍙互杈撳叆鏂板垎鍖虹殑璧峰鏌遍潰鍙楓?/SPAN>fdisk 灝嗘帹鑽愪竴涓粯璁ょ紪鍙鳳紝濡備笅鎵紺猴細
First cylinder (1-1940, default 1):1
鎮ㄥ彲浠ラ夋嫨鎺ュ彈姝ょ紪鍙楓傛帴涓嬫潵錛屾偍闇瑕佽緭鍏ユ渶鍚庝竴涓煴闈㈡垨鍒嗗尯澶у皬錛?/SPAN>
Last cylinder or +sizeM or +sizeK(1-1940), default 5721:1G
姝ゅ埢錛?/SPAN>fdisk 灝嗗亣璁捐繖鏄竴涓父瑙?Linux 鍒嗗尯錛堢敱鍒嗗尯琛ㄢ淚D鈥濆垪涓殑鍗佸叚榪涘埗鏁板瓧 83 鏍囪瘑錛夈傚彲浠ヤ嬌鐢?fdisk 涓殑 t 鎴?type 鍛戒護鏇存敼鍒嗗尯綾誨瀷銆傚彲浠ヤ嬌鐢?l 鎴?list 鍛戒護鍙栧緱 fdisk 鐨勫彲鐢ㄥ垎鍖虹被鍨嬨備互涓嬫槸鍙敤綾誨瀷鐨勯儴鍒嗗垪琛細
ID | System |
82 | Linux swap |
83 | Linux |
85 | Linux extended |
8e | Linux LVM |
蹇呴』娉ㄦ剰錛屽湪鎮ㄨ繍琛?write 鍛戒護涔嬪墠錛屾偍鍦?fdisk 涓墽琛岀殑浠諱綍鎿嶄綔閮藉皢鏄復鏃剁殑鈥斿鏋滄偍鍑轟簬浠諱綍鍘熷洜瑕佺寮 fdisk錛屽垯榪欑‘瀹炲緢鏈夊ソ澶勩?
閲嶆柊緇勭粐鍒嗗尯鍜屾枃浠剁鐞嗙郴緇?/SPAN>
鐢變簬姣忎釜鍒嗗尯閮藉寘鍚悇鑷殑鏂囦歡綆$悊緋葷粺錛屽洜姝よ皟鏁村垎鍖哄ぇ灝忔秹鍙婅皟鏁存枃浠剁鐞嗙郴緇熷拰鍒嗗尯鐨勫ぇ灝忋傚洜姝わ紝鍙敤鐨勯噸鏂板垎鍖哄伐鍏峰彇鍐充簬鎵鐢ㄦ枃浠剁鐞嗙郴緇熺殑綾誨瀷銆傚浜?ext2/ext3 緋葷粺錛屾湁涓浜涘彲浠ラ夋嫨灝?resize2fs 涓?fdisk銆丟NU Parted 鎴?Partition Magic 緇撳悎浣跨敤銆傚浜?ReiserFS錛屽彧鑳藉皢 cfdisk 涓?resize_resiszerfs 鎼厤浣跨敤錛岃繖鏄洜涓?GNU Parted 瀵逛簬 ReiserFS 鏉ヨ浠嶉渶鏀硅繘銆?/SPAN>
resize2fs 鍜?resize_reiserfs 閮藉彲浠ヨ皟鏁存枃浠剁鐞嗙郴緇熺殑澶у皬錛屽茍瑕佹眰浣跨敤鍗曠嫭鐨勫垎鍖哄ぇ灝忚皟鏁寸▼搴?鈥?fdisk 鎴?cfdisk銆傛垜鏈漢鏇句嬌鐢ㄨ繃 GNU Parted 瀵?ext2 鍒嗗尯榪涜閲嶆柊鍒嗗尯銆傝繖鏄竴涓浉褰撳鏄撲嬌鐢ㄧ殑紼嬪簭銆侴NU Parted 瀵?ReiserFS 鐨勬敮鎸佸皢鏉ヤ細鍙樺緱鏇寸ǔ鍋ャ侾artition Magic 鏄竴涓敤浜?DOS 鍜?Windows 鐨勫晢涓氱▼搴忥紝浣嗗鏋滀粠瀹冮檮甯︾殑鍚姩杞洏鎴?CD-ROM 榪愯錛屽垯鍙互鐢ㄤ簬 Linux ext2/ext3 鍒嗗尯銆?/SPAN>
灝界瀹為檯鐨勫懡浠ゅ彇鍐充簬鎮ㄦ墍瑕佹洿鏀瑰埌鐨勭郴緇燂紝浣嗘洿鏀規枃浠剁鐞嗙郴緇熺殑涓鑸繃紼嬫秹鍙?/SPAN>
$ mke2fs /dev/hda5 15088 _ ..I
鍙互闅忔剰鎸囧畾鍧楄鏁幫紝濡備互涓婂懡浠や腑鐨?15,088銆備互涓婁簨浠跺簭鍒楃殑鍞竴渚嬪鏄嬌鐢ㄤ互涓嬪懡浠や粠 ext2 緋葷粺縐繪鍒?ext3 緋葷粺
$tune2fs -j /dev/hda3
浣嗕粛搴旇繘琛屽浠姐?/SPAN>
鎸傝澆鍒嗗尯
浠呭綋鍏鋒湁瓚呯駭鐢ㄦ埛鏉冮檺鐨勭敤鎴鋒寕杞戒簡鍒嗗尯錛屽垎鍖烘墠鍦?Linux 涓彲鐢ㄣ傚浜?/etc/fstab 鏂囦歡涓垪鍑虹殑 Linux 鍒嗗尯錛岀郴緇熷惎鍔ㄦ椂浼氳嚜鍔ㄦ寕杞姐傚浜?CD-ROM 鍜岃蔣鐩橀┍鍔ㄥ櫒錛岄氬父鍙渶鍗曞嚮鐩稿簲鍥炬爣鍗沖彲銆?
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鍙笌鎸傝澆閫夐」緇撳悎浣跨敤鐨勯夐」鍙栧喅浜庢枃浠剁鐞嗙郴緇熴備緥濡傦紝鎮ㄥ彲浠ユ寜濡備笅鏂瑰紡鎸囧畾 ext3 鏃ュ織閫夐」錛?/SPAN>
$ mount -t ext3 -o data=journaled /dev/hda9 /home
瑕佹媶涓嬭蔣鐩樻垨 CD-ROM錛屾偍闇瑕佸湪鎷嗕笅瀹冧箣鍓嶄嬌鐢ㄤ互涓嬪懡浠ゅ皢鍏跺嵏杞?/SPAN>
$ umount /media/floppy
鍦?Linux 2.4 涔嬪墠錛屼竴涓枃浠剁郴緇熷彧鑳芥寕杞戒竴嬈°傝岀幇鍦紝涓嶉檺鍒舵枃浠剁郴緇熺殑鎸傝澆嬈℃暟銆?
緇撹
Linux 鏂囦歡緋葷粺鏄竴涓鏂歸潰鐨勬蹇點傛湰璁ㄨ鏃ㄥ湪浣滀負鏍規嵁鎮ㄨ嚜宸辯殑闇瑕佸瀹冪殑鏈夌敤鎬у拰鍚堟剰鎬ц繘琛岃繘涓姝ョ爺絀剁殑鍩虹銆?
鍦ㄦ湰鏂囩殑絎?2 閮ㄥ垎涓紝鎴戜滑灝嗕粙緇嶉泦緹ゆ枃浠剁郴緇燂紝鍏朵腑鍖呮嫭 OCFS銆?/SPAN>