Example 3.15 Defining a tuple
Example 3.6 Defining a List
1銆乴ist鐨勫厓绱犳槸鏈夊簭鐨?br />2銆乴ist鍙互褰撴垚鏁扮粍鏉ョ敤錛屽厓绱犱笅鏍囦粠0寮濮?br />Example 3.7 Negative List Indices錛?錛塶涓嶅啀涓婅堪鑼冨洿鍐呮槸錛岀▼搴忓紩鍙慖ndexError
Slicing a list榪愯緇撴灉錛?錛夊綋 0 <= b <= a < len(L)鏃訛紝L[a:b]榪斿洖絀虹殑list
錛?錛夊綋a錛宐鍙栧間笉鍦ㄤ笂榪拌寖鍥存椂錛屽簲鐢ㄤ互涓?鏉¤鍒欐浛鎹錛宐鐨勫鹼紝寰楀埌a錛宐鏂扮殑鍊煎悗鍐嶅簲鐢ㄤ笂闈袱鏉¤鍒欍?br />
- 鑻?a >= len(L), 鍒?a = len(L)-1
- 鑻?-len(L) <= a < 0, 鍒?a = len(L) + a
- 鑻?a <聽 -len(L)錛?鍒櫬?a =聽 0
- b鐨勬儏鍐佃窡a涓鏍?
- 褰?a娌℃湁鎸囧畾鏃訛紝a = 0, 褰揵娌℃寚瀹氭椂錛宐=len(L)-1
the difference between extend and appendMethod | Description |
|---|---|
Nonmutating methods | 聽 |
L.count(x) | Returns the number of items of L that are equal to x. |
L.index(x) | Returns the index of the first occurrence of an item in L that is equal to x, or raises an exception if L has no such item. |
Mutating methods | 聽 |
L.append(x) | Appends item x to the end of L ; e.g., L[len(L):]=[x]. |
L.extend(s) | Appends all the items of iterable s to the end of L; e.g., L[len(L):]=s. |
L.insert(i, x) | Inserts item x in L before the item at index i, moving following items of L (if any) "rightward" to make space (increases len(L) by one, does not replace any item, does not raise exceptions: acts just like L[i:i]=[x]). |
L.remove(x) | Removes from L the first occurrence of an item in L that is equal to x, or raises an exception if L has no such item. |
L.pop([i]) | Returns the value of the item at index i and removes it from L; if i is omitted, removes and returns the last item; raises an exception if L is empty or i is an invalid index in L. |
L.reverse( ) | Reverses, in place, the items of L. |
L.sort([f]) (2.3) | Sorts, in place, the items of L, comparing items pairwise via function f; if f is omitted, comparison is via the built-in function cmp. For more details, see "Sorting a list" on page 57. |
L.sort(cmp=cmp, key=None, reverse=False)(2.4) | Sorts, in-place, the items of L, comparing items pairwise via the function passed as cmp (by default, the built-in function cmp). When argument key is not None, what gets compared for each item x is key(x), not x itself. For more details, see "Sorting a list" on page 57. |
List Operators娉ㄦ剰涓嬮潰鐨勪緥瀛愶細Another Example榪愯緇撴灉]]>
Example 3.1 Defining a Dictionary
1銆佹瘡涓涓猟ictionary涓殑姣忎竴涓猧tem灝辨槸涓瀵瑰鹼細key-value銆傚彲浠ラ氳繃key寮曠敤value錛屼絾涓嶈兘閫氳繃value寮曠敤key銆?br />2銆佹瘡涓涓猭ey鏄ぇ灝忓啓鏁忔劅鐨?br />3銆佺粰涓涓猟ictionary娣誨姞涓涓柊item錛歞ictName[newKey] = newValue銆傚鏋渘ewKey瀛樺湪錛屽垯newValue浼氳鐩栧師鏉ョ殑value銆傝繖涔熻〃鏄庢坊鍔犮佷慨鏀筰tem鐢ㄧ殑鏄浉鍚岀殑璇硶銆?br />4銆乿alue鐨勭被鍨嬪彲浠ユ槸浠繪剰鐨勶紝鍚屼竴涓猟ictionary涓殑value鐨勭被鍨嬪茍涓嶉渶瑕佷竴鑷淬俴ey鐨勭被鍨嬪繀欏繪槸鎵鏈変笉鍙彉鐨勭被鍨嬶紝tuple鏈夋椂涔熷彲浠ヤ綔涓簁ey錛岃繖鏃跺檛uple涓嶈兘鍖呭惈鍙彉綾誨瀷錛屼笉綆℃槸鐩存帴鍖呭惈榪樻槸闂存帴鍖呭惈銆?br />5銆乨el D[k]鍒犻櫎涓涓猭ey鏄痥鐨刬tem銆?br />6銆佹搷浣?k in D 鍙互鐢ㄦ潵媯鏌?font color="#ff0000">key k 鏄惁鍖呭惈鍦―鐨勬墍鏈塳eys涓?br />7Method | Description |
|---|---|
Nonmutating methods | 聽 |
D.copy( ) | Returns a shallow copy of the dictionary (a copy whose items are the same objects as D's, not copies thereof) |
D.has_key(k) | Returns TRue if k is a key in D; otherwise, returns False, just like kinD |
D.items( ) | Returns a new list with all items (key/value pairs) in D |
D.keys( ) | Returns a new list with all keys in D |
D.values( ) | Returns a new list with all values in D |
D.iteritems( ) | Returns an iterator on all items (key/value pairs) in D |
D.iterkeys( ) | Returns an iterator on all keys in D |
D.itervalues( ) | Returns an iterator on all values in D |
D.get(k[,x]) | Returns D[k] if k is a key in D; otherwise, returns x (or None, if x is not given) |
Mutating methods | 聽 |
D.clear( ) | Removes all items from D, leaving D empty |
D.update(D1) | For each k in D1, sets D[k] equal to D1[k] |
D.setdefault(k[,x]) | Returns D[k] if k is a key in D; otherwise, sets D[k] equal to x and returns x |
D.pop(k[,x]) | Removes and returns D[k] if k is a key in D; otherwise, returns x (or raises an exception if x is not given) |
D.popitem( ) | Removes and returns an arbitrary item (key/value pair) |
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Example 2.1 odbchelper.py
1銆佸嚱鏁幫紙function)瀹氫箟鏃犻渶鎸囧畾榪斿洖綾誨瀷銆備簨瀹炰笂錛屾墍鏈塸ython鍑芥暟閮戒細榪斿洖涓涓箋傚綋浣犵殑鍑芥暟瀹氫箟娌℃湁return璇彞鏃訛紝鍑芥暟灝嗚繑鍥濶one銆傚涓嚱鏁板弬鏁?function argument)鐢ㄩ楀彿闅斿紑銆傦紙榪欓噷鏈変竴涓枒闂紝涓轟粈涔堟槸function argument鑰屼笉鏄痜unction parameter鍛紵@@錛?br />2銆丳ython鏄竴涓姩鎬佺殑銆?b>寮虹被鍨?/font>鐨勮璦錛坉ynamically聽 & strongly type language)3銆佹敞閲婂嚱鏁幫細錛坉ocumenting function)浠?""寮濮嬶紝浠?""緇撴潫錛屽彲浠ラ氳繃鍐呭緩灞炴?__doc__ 鑾峰緱銆傝屼笖娉ㄩ噴蹇呴』鍦ㄥ嚱鏁版渶寮濮嬮儴鍒嗗厛瀹氫箟錛屽惁鍒欒皟鐢╛_doc__鏃朵綘灝嗗緱鍒癗one.
4銆丒verything is a object!
5銆乮f __name__ == "__main__":
榪欐槸鍦ㄦ祴璇曟ā鍧椼傚湪涓婁緥涓綋妯″潡鐙珛榪愯鏃訛紝妯″潡鐨勫唴寤哄睘鎬?__name__ == "__main__"錛屽綋妯″潡琚玦mport鏃訛紝__name__ == "odbchelper"
]]>