鍑嗗宸ヤ綔
濡傛灉浣犺繕娌¤緙栬瘧鐜鎴栬嚜宸變笉紜畾瑁呮病瑁咃紝涓嶅Θ鍏堟墽琛?/p>
sudo apt-get install build-essential
濡傛灉浣犻渶瑕佺紪璇?Fortran 紼嬪簭錛岄偅涔堣繕闇瑕佸畨瑁?gfortran(鎴?g77)
sudo apt-get install gfortran
濡傛灉浣犲凡緇忎簡瑙d竴浜?vim 鐨勭煡璇嗭紝鑰屼笖鎯崇敤瀹冩潵緙栬緫婧愪唬鐮侊紝閭d箞鎴戜滑涓嶅Θ瑁呬釜瀹屾暣鐗?/p>
sudo apt-get install vim-full
濡傛灉浣犱笉浜嗚Вvim錛岄夋嫨gedit銆乲ate鎴杕ousepad鏉ョ紪杈戞簮浠g爜灝卞ソ浜?/p>
娉ㄦ剰錛?/strong>鏈枃鍙兘浼?xì)璁╀綘澶辨湜锛屽鏋滀綘鐪嬪畬鍚庢湁涓嬪垪鐤戦棶鐨勮瘽锛?xì)涓轟粈涔堣鍦ㄧ粓绔緭鍛戒護(hù)鍟婏紵 GCC 鏄粈涔堜笢瑗匡紝鎬庝箞鍦ㄨ彍鍗曚腑鎵句笉鍒幫紵 GCC 涓嶈兘鏈夊儚 VC 閭f牱鐨勭獥鍙e悧錛?#8230;… 閭d箞浣犵湡姝f兂瑕佷簡瑙g殑鍙兘鏄?anjuta錛宬develop錛実eany錛宑ode blocks錛宔clipse錛宯eatbean 絳?IDE 闆嗘垚寮鍙戠幆澧?/a>銆傚嵆浣垮湪榪欑鎯呭喌涓嬶紝鐢變簬 GCC 鏄互涓?IDE 鐨勫悗鍙扮殑緙栬瘧鍣紝鏈枃浠嶅煎緱浣犵◢浣滀簡瑙c?/p>
緙栬瘧綆鍗曠殑 C 紼嬪簭
C 璇█緇忓吀鐨勫叆闂ㄤ緥瀛愭槸 Hello World錛屼笅闈㈡槸涓紺轟緥浠g爜錛?/p>
#include <stdio.h>
int
main(void)
{
printf("Hello, world!\n");
return 0;
}
鎴戜滑鍋囧畾璇ヤ唬鐮佸瓨涓烘枃浠?#8216;hello.c’銆傝鐢?gcc 緙栬瘧璇ユ枃浠訛紝浣跨敤涓嬮潰鐨勫懡浠わ細(xì)
$ gcc -Wall hello.c -o hello
璇ュ懡浠ゅ皢鏂囦歡‘hello.c’涓殑浠g爜緙栬瘧涓烘満鍣ㄧ爜騫跺瓨鍌ㄥ湪鍙墽琛屾枃浠?‘hello’涓傛満鍣ㄧ爜鐨勬枃浠跺悕鏄氳繃 -o 閫夐」鎸囧畾鐨勩傝閫夐」閫氬父浣滀負(fù)鍛戒護(hù)琛屼腑鐨勬渶鍚庝竴涓弬鏁般傚鏋滆鐪佺暐錛岃緭鍑烘枃浠墮粯璁や負(fù) ‘a.out’銆?/p>
娉ㄦ剰鍒?/strong>濡傛灉褰撳墠鐩綍涓笌鍙墽琛屾枃浠墮噸鍚嶇殑鏂囦歡宸茬粡瀛樺湪錛屽畠?yōu)畣琚鐩栥?/p>
閫夐」 -Wall 寮鍚紪璇戝櫒鍑犱箮鎵鏈夊父鐢ㄧ殑璀﹀憡鈹鈹寮虹儓寤鴻浣犲緇堜嬌鐢ㄨ閫夐」銆傜紪璇戝櫒鏈夊緢澶氬叾浠栫殑璀﹀憡閫夐」錛屼絾 -Wall 鏄渶甯哥敤鐨勩傞粯璁ゆ儏鍐典笅GCC 涓嶄細(xì)浜х敓浠諱綍璀﹀憡淇℃伅銆傚綋緙栧啓 C 鎴?C++ 紼嬪簭鏃剁紪璇戝櫒璀﹀憡闈炲父鏈夊姪浜庢嫻嬬▼搴忓瓨鍦ㄧ殑闂銆?/p>
鏈緥涓紝緙栬瘧鍣ㄤ嬌鐢ㄤ簡 -Wall 閫夐」鑰屾病浜х敓浠諱綍璀﹀憡錛屽洜涓虹ず渚嬬▼搴忔槸瀹屽叏鍚堟硶鐨勩?/p>
瑕佽繍琛岃紼嬪簭錛岃緭鍏ュ彲鎵ц鏂囦歡鐨勮礬寰勫涓嬶細(xì)
$ ./hello
Hello, world!
榪欏皢鍙墽琛屾枃浠惰澆鍏ュ唴瀛橈紝騫朵嬌 CPU 寮濮嬫墽琛屽叾鍖呭惈鐨勬寚浠ゃ?璺緞 ./ 鎸囦唬褰撳墠鐩綍錛屽洜姝?./hello 杞藉叆騫舵墽琛屽綋鍓嶇洰褰曚笅鐨勫彲鎵ц鏂囦歡 ‘hello’銆?/p>
鐐瑰嚮姝ゅ涓嬭澆鏈妭鐨勬搷浣滆棰?/p>
鎹曟崏閿欒
濡備笂鎵榪幫紝褰撶敤 C 鎴?C++ 緙栫▼鏃訛紝緙栬瘧鍣ㄨ鍛婃槸闈炲父閲嶈鐨勫姪鎵嬨備負(fù)浜嗚鏄庤繖涓鐐癸紝涓嬮潰鐨勪緥瀛愬寘鍚竴涓井濡欑殑閿欒錛氫負(fù)涓涓暣鏁板奸敊璇湴鎸囧畾浜嗕竴嫻偣鏁版帶鍒剁‘%f’銆?/p>
#include <stdio.h>
int
main (void)
{
printf ("Two plus two is %f\n", 4);
return 0;
}
涓鐪肩湅鍘昏閿欒騫朵笉鏄庢樉錛屼絾鏄畠鍙緙栬瘧鍣ㄦ崟鎹夊埌錛屽彧瑕佸惎鐢ㄤ簡璀﹀憡閫夐」 -Wall銆?/p>
緙栬瘧涓婇潰鐨勭▼搴?#8216;bad.c’錛屽皢寰楀埌濡備笅鐨勬秷鎭細(xì)
$ gcc -Wall bad.c -o bad
bad.c: In function 'main':
bad.c:6: warning: double format, different type arg (arg 2)
榪欒〃鏄庢枃浠?‘bad.c’絎?6 琛屼腑鐨勬牸寮忓瓧絎︿覆鐢ㄦ硶涓嶆紜?strong style="color: black; background-color: #a0ffff">GCC
鐨勬秷鎭繪槸鍏鋒湁涓嬮潰鐨勬牸寮?鏂囦歡鍚?琛屽彿:娑堟伅銆傜紪璇戝櫒瀵歸敊璇笌璀﹀憡鍖哄埆瀵瑰緟錛屽墠鑰呭皢闃繪緙栬瘧錛屽悗鑰呰〃鏄庡彲鑳藉瓨鍦ㄧ殑闂浣嗗茍涓嶉樆姝㈢▼搴忕紪璇戙?/p>
鏈緥涓紝瀵規(guī)暣鏁板兼潵璇達(dá)紝姝g‘鐨勬牸寮忔帶鍒剁搴旇鏄?%d銆?/p>
濡傛灉涓嶅惎鐢?-Wall錛岀▼搴忚〃闈㈢湅璧鋒潵緙栬瘧姝e父錛屼絾鏄細(xì)浜х敓涓嶆紜殑緇撴灉錛?/p>
$ gcc bad.c -o bad
$ ./bad
Two plus two is 2.585495
鏄捐屾槗瑙侊紝寮鍙戠▼搴忔椂涓嶆鏌ヨ鍛婃槸闈炲父鍗遍櫓鐨勩傚鏋滄湁鍑芥暟浣跨敤涓嶅綋錛屽皢鍙兘瀵艱嚧紼嬪簭宕╂簝鎴栦駭鐢熼敊璇殑緇撴灉銆傚紑鍚紪璇戝櫒璀﹀憡閫夐」 -Wall 鍙崟鎹?C 緙栫▼鏃剁殑澶氭暟甯歌閿欒銆?/p>
緙栬瘧澶氫釜婧愭枃浠?
涓涓簮紼嬪簭鍙互鍒嗘垚鍑犱釜鏂囦歡銆傝繖鏍蜂究浜庣紪杈戜笌鐞嗚В錛屽挨鍏舵槸紼嬪簭闈炲父澶х殑鏃跺欍傝繖涔熶嬌鍚勯儴鍒嗙嫭绔嬬紪璇戞垚涓哄彲鑳姐?/p>
涓嬮潰鐨勪緥瀛愪腑鎴戜滑灝嗙▼搴?Hello World 鍒嗗壊鎴?3 涓枃浠訛細(xì)‘main.c’錛?#8216;hello_fn.c’鍜屽ご鏂囦歡‘hello.h’銆傝繖鏄富紼嬪簭‘main.c’錛?/p>
#include "hello.h"
int
main(void)
{
hello ("world");
return 0;
}
鍦ㄥ厛鍓嶇殑渚嬪瓙‘hello.c’涓紝鎴戜滑璋冪敤鐨勬槸搴撳嚱鏁?printf錛屾湰渚嬩腑鎴戜滑鐢ㄤ竴涓畾涔夊湪鏂囦歡‘hello_fn.c’涓殑鍑芥暟 hello 鍙栦唬瀹冦?/p>
涓葷▼搴忎腑鍖呭惈鏈夊ご鏂囦歡‘hello.h’錛岃澶存枃浠跺寘鍚嚱鏁?hello 鐨勫0鏄庛傛垜浠笉闇瑕佸湪‘main.c’鏂囦歡涓寘鍚郴緇熷ご鏂囦歡‘stdio.h’鏉ュ0鏄庡嚱鏁?printf錛屽洜涓?#8216;main.c’娌℃湁鐩存帴璋冪敤 printf銆?/p>
鏂囦歡‘hello.h’涓殑澹版槑鍙敤浜嗕竴琛屽氨鎸囧畾浜嗗嚱鏁?hello 鐨勫師鍨嬨?/p>
void hello (const char * name);
鍑芥暟 hello 鐨勫畾涔夊湪鏂囦歡‘hello_fn.c’涓細(xì)
#include <stdio.h>
#include "hello.h"
void
hello (const char * name)
{
printf ("Hello, %s!\n", name);
}
璇彞 #include "FILE.h" 涓?#include <FILE.h> 鏈夋墍涓嶅悓錛氬墠鑰呭湪鎼滅儲緋葷粺澶存枃浠剁洰褰曚箣鍓嶅皢鍏堝湪褰撳墠鐩綍涓悳绱㈡枃浠?#8216;FILE.h’錛屽悗鑰呭彧鎼滅儲緋葷粺澶存枃浠惰屼笉鏌ョ湅褰撳墠鐩綍銆?/p>
瑕佺敤gcc緙栬瘧浠ヤ笂婧愭枃浠訛紝浣跨敤涓嬮潰鐨勫懡浠わ細(xì)
$ gcc -Wall main.c hello_fn.c -o newhello
鏈緥涓紝鎴戜滑浣跨敤閫夐」 -o 涓哄彲鎵ц鏂囦歡鎸囧畾浜嗕竴涓笉鍚岀殑鍚嶅瓧 newhello銆傛敞鎰忓埌澶存枃浠?#8216;hello.h’騫舵湭鍦ㄥ懡浠よ涓寚瀹氥傛簮鏂囦歡涓殑鐨?#include "hello.h" 鎸囩ず絎︿嬌寰楃紪璇戝櫒鑷姩灝嗗叾鍖呭惈鍒板悎閫傜殑浣嶇疆銆?/p>
瑕佽繍琛屾湰紼嬪簭錛岃緭鍏ュ彲鎵ц鏂囦歡鐨勮礬寰勫悕錛?/p>
$ ./newhello
Hello, world!
婧愮▼搴忓悇閮ㄥ垎琚紪璇戜負(fù)鍗曚竴鐨勫彲鎵ц鏂囦歡錛屽畠涓庢垜浠厛鍓嶇殑渚嬪瓙浜х敓鐨勭粨鏋滅浉鍚屻?/p>
鐐瑰嚮姝ゅ涓嬭澆鏈妭鐨勬搷浣滆棰?/p>
綆鍗曠殑 Makefile 鏂囦歡
涓轟究浜庝笉鐔熸?zhèn)?make 鐨勮鑰呯悊瑙o紝鏈妭鎻愪緵涓涓畝鍗曠殑鐢ㄦ硶紺轟緥銆侻ake 鍑熸湰韜殑浼樺娍錛屽彲鍦ㄦ墍鏈夌殑 Unix 緋葷粺涓鎵懼埌銆傝浜嗚В鍏充簬Gnu make 鐨勬洿澶氫俊鎭紝璇峰弬鑰?Richard M. Stallman 鍜?Roland McGrath 緙栧啓鐨?GNU Make 鎵嬪唽銆?/p>
Make 浠?makefile(榛樿鏄綋鍓嶇洰褰曚笅鐨勫悕涓?#8216;Makefile’鐨勬枃浠?涓鍙栭」鐩殑鎻忚堪銆俶akefile鎸囧畾浜嗕竴緋誨垪鐩爣錛堟瘮濡傚彲鎵ц鏂囦歡錛夊拰渚濊禆錛堟瘮濡傚璞℃枃浠跺拰婧愭枃浠訛級鐨勭紪璇戣鍒欙紝鍏舵牸寮忓涓嬶細(xì)
鐩爣錛?渚濊禆
鍛戒護(hù)
瀵規(guī)瘡涓涓洰鏍囷紝make 媯鏌ュ叾瀵瑰簲鐨勪緷璧栨枃浠朵慨鏀規(guī)椂闂存潵紜畾璇ョ洰鏍囨槸鍚﹂渶瑕佸埄鐢ㄥ搴旂殑鍛戒護(hù)閲嶆柊寤虹珛銆傛敞鎰忓埌錛宮akefile 涓?em>鍛戒護(hù)琛屽繀欏諱互鍗曚釜鐨?TAB 瀛楃榪涜緙╄繘錛屼笉鑳芥槸絀烘牸銆?/p>
GNU Make 鍖呭惈璁稿榛樿鐨勮鍒?鍙傝?em>闅愬惈瑙勫垯)鏉ョ畝鍖?makefile 鐨勬瀯寤恒傛瘮濡傝錛屽畠浠寚瀹?#8216;.o’鏂囦歡鍙互閫氳繃緙栬瘧‘.c’鏂囦歡寰楀埌錛屽彲鎵ц鏂囦歡鍙互閫氳繃灝?#8216;.o’閾炬帴鍒頒竴璧瘋幏寰椼傞殣鍚鍒欓氳繃琚彨鍋?em>make鍙橀噺鐨勪笢瑗挎墍鎸囧畾錛屾瘮濡?CC(C 璇█緙栬瘧鍣?鍜?CFLAGS(C紼嬪簭鐨勭紪璇戦夐」)錛涘湪makefile鏂囦歡涓畠浠氳繃鐙崰涓琛岀殑 鍙橀噺=鍊?/strong> 鐨勫艦寮忚璁劇疆銆傚 C++ 錛屽叾絳変環(huán)鐨勫彉閲忔槸CXX鍜?strong>CXXFLAGS錛岃屽彉閲?strong>CPPFLAGS
鍒欐槸緙栬瘧棰勫鐞嗛夐」銆?/p>
鐜板湪鎴戜滑涓轟笂涓鑺傜殑欏圭洰鍐欎竴涓畝鍗曠殑 makefile 鏂囦歡錛?/p>
CC=gcc
CFLAGS=-Wall
hello: hello.o hello_fn.o
clean:
rm -f hello hello.o hello_fn.o
璇ユ枃浠跺彲浠ヨ繖鏍鋒潵璇伙細(xì)浣跨敤 C 璇█緙栬瘧鍣?gcc錛屽拰緙栬瘧閫夐」‘-Wall’,浠庡璞℃枃浠?#8216;hello.o’鍜?#8216;hello_fn.o’鐢熸垚鐩爣鍙墽琛屾枃浠?hello錛堟枃浠?#8216;hello.o’鍜?#8216;hello_fn.o’閫氳繃闅愬惈瑙勫垯鍒嗗埆鐢?#8216;hello.c’鍜?#8216;hello_fn.c’鐢熸垚錛夈傜洰鏍?strong>clean娌℃湁渚濊禆鏂囦歡錛屽畠鍙槸綆鍗曞湴縐婚櫎鎵鏈夌紪璇戠敓鎴愮殑鏂囦歡銆?strong>rm鍛戒護(hù)鐨勯夐」 ‘-f’(force) 鎶戝埗鏂囦歡涓嶅瓨鍦ㄦ椂浜х敓鐨勯敊璇秷鎭?/p>
瑕佷嬌鐢ㄨ makefile 鏂囦歡錛岃緭鍏?make銆備笉鍔犲弬鏁拌皟鐢╩ake鏃訛紝makefile鏂囦歡涓殑絎竴涓洰鏍囪寤虹珛錛屼粠鑰岀敓鎴愬彲鎵ц鏂囦歡‘hello’錛?/p>
$ make
gcc -Wall -c -o hello.o hello.c
gcc -Wall -c -o hello_fn.o hello_fn.c
gcc hello.o hello_fn.o -o hello
$ ./hello
Hello, world!
涓涓簮鏂囦歡琚慨鏀硅閲嶆柊鐢熸垚鍙墽琛屾枃浠訛紝綆鍗曞湴鍐嶆杈撳叆 make 鍗沖彲銆傞氳繃媯鏌ョ洰鏍囨枃浠跺拰渚濊禆鏂囦歡鐨勬椂闂存埑錛岀▼搴?make 鍙瘑鍒摢浜涙枃浠跺凡緇忎慨鏀瑰茍渚濇嵁瀵瑰簲鐨勮鍒欐洿鏂板叾瀵瑰簲鐨勭洰鏍囨枃浠訛細(xì)
$ vim hello.c (鎵撳紑緙栬緫鍣ㄤ慨鏀逛竴涓嬫枃浠?
$ make
gcc -Wall -c -o hello.o hello.c
gcc hello.o hello_fn.o -o hello
$ ./hello
Hello, world!
鏈鍚庯紝鎴戜滑縐婚櫎 make 鐢熸垚鐨勬枃浠訛紝杈撳叆 make clean錛?/p>
$ make clean
rm -f hello hello.o hello_fn.o
涓涓笓涓氱殑 makefile鏂囦歡閫氬父鍖呭惈鐢ㄤ簬瀹夎(make install)鍜屾祴璇?make check)絳夐澶栫殑鐩爣銆?/p>
鏈枃涓秹鍙?qiáng)鍒扮殑渚嬪瓙閮江憶_綆鍗曚互鑷充簬鍙互瀹屽叏涓嶉渶瑕乵akefile錛屼絾鏄浠諱綍澶т簺鐨勭▼搴忛兘浣跨敤 make 鏄緢鏈夊繀瑕佺殑銆?/p>
閾炬帴澶栭儴搴?
搴撴槸棰勭紪璇戠殑鐩爣鏂囦歡(object files)鐨勯泦鍚堬紝瀹冧滑鍙閾炬帴榪涚▼搴忋傞潤鎬佸簱浠ュ悗緙涓?#8216;.a’鐨勭壒孌婄殑瀛樻。鏂囦歡(archive file)瀛樺偍銆?/p>
鏍囧噯緋葷粺搴撳彲鍦ㄧ洰褰?/usr/lib 涓?/lib 涓壘鍒般傛瘮濡傦紝鍦ㄧ被 Unix 緋葷粺涓?C 璇█鐨勬暟瀛﹀簱涓鑸瓨鍌ㄤ負(fù)鏂囦歡 /usr/lib/libm.a銆傝搴撲腑鍑芥暟鐨勫師鍨嬪0鏄庡湪澶存枃浠?/usr/include/math.h 涓侰 鏍囧噯搴撴湰韜瓨鍌ㄤ負(fù) /usr/lib/libc.a錛屽畠鍖呭惈 ANSI/ISO C 鏍囧噯鎸囧畾鐨勫嚱鏁幫紝姣斿‘printf’銆傚姣忎竴涓?C 紼嬪簭鏉ヨ錛宭ibc.a 閮介粯璁よ閾炬帴銆?/p>
涓嬮潰鐨勬槸涓涓皟鐢ㄦ暟瀛﹀簱 libm.a 涓?sin 鍑芥暟鐨勭殑渚嬪瓙錛屽垱寤烘枃浠?strong>calc.c錛?/p>
#include <math.h>
#include <stdio.h>
int
main (void)
{
double x = sin (2.0);
printf ("The value of sin(2.0) is %f\n", x);
return 0;
}
灝濊瘯鍗曠嫭浠庤鏂囦歡鐢熸垚涓涓彲鎵ц鏂囦歡灝嗗鑷翠竴涓摼鎺ラ樁孌電殑閿欒錛?/p>
$ gcc -Wall calc.c -o calc
/tmp/ccbR6Ojm.o: In function 'main':
/tmp/ccbR6Ojm.o(.text+0x19): undefined reference to ‘sin’
鍑芥暟 sin錛屾湭鍦ㄦ湰紼嬪簭涓畾涔変篃涓嶅湪榛樿搴?#8216;libc.a’涓紱闄ら潪琚寚瀹氾紝緙栬瘧鍣ㄤ篃涓嶄細(xì)閾炬帴‘libm.a’銆?/p>
涓轟嬌緙栬瘧鍣ㄨ兘灝?sin 閾炬帴榪涗富紼嬪簭‘calc.c’錛屾垜浠渶瑕佹彁渚涙暟瀛﹀簱‘libm.a’銆備竴涓鏄撴兂鍒頒絾姣旇緝楹葷儲鐨勫仛娉曟槸鍦ㄥ懡浠よ涓樉寮忓湴鎸囧畾瀹冿細(xì)
$ gcc -Wall calc.c /usr/lib/libm.a -o calc
鍑芥暟搴?#8216;libm.a’鍖呭惈鎵鏈夋暟瀛﹀嚱鏁扮殑鐩爣鏂囦歡錛屾瘮濡?strong>sin,cos,exp,log鍙?strong>sqrt銆傞摼鎺ュ櫒灝嗘悳绱㈡墍鏈夋枃浠舵潵鎵懼埌鍖呭惈 sin 鐨勭洰鏍囨枃浠躲?/p>
涓鏃﹀寘鍚?sin 鐨勭洰鏍囨枃浠惰鎵懼埌錛屼富紼嬪簭灝辮兘琚摼鎺ワ紝涓涓畬鏁寸殑鍙墽琛屾枃浠跺氨鍙敓鎴愪簡錛?/p>
$ ./calc
The value of sin(2.0) is 0.909297
鍙墽琛屾枃浠跺寘鍚富紼嬪簭鐨勬満鍣ㄧ爜浠ュ強(qiáng)鍑芥暟搴?#8216;libm.a’涓?sin 瀵瑰簲鐨勬満鍣ㄧ爜銆?/p>
涓洪伩鍏嶅湪鍛戒護(hù)琛屼腑鎸囧畾闀塊暱鐨勮礬寰勶紝緙栬瘧鍣ㄤ負(fù)閾炬帴鍑芥暟搴撴彁渚涗簡蹇嵎鐨勯夐」‘-l’銆備緥濡傦紝涓嬮潰鐨勫懡浠?/p>
$ gcc -Wall calc.c -lm -o calc
涓庢垜浠笂闈㈡寚瀹氬簱鍏ㄨ礬寰?#8216;/usr/lib/libm.a’鐨勫懡浠ょ瓑浠楓?/p>
涓鑸潵璇達(dá)紝閫夐」 -lNAME浣塊摼鎺ュ櫒灝濊瘯閾炬帴緋葷粺搴撶洰褰曚腑鐨勫嚱鏁板簱鏂囦歡 libNAME.a銆備竴涓ぇ鍨嬬殑紼嬪簭閫氬父瑕佷嬌鐢ㄥ緢澶?-l 閫夐」鏉ユ寚瀹氳閾炬帴鐨勬暟瀛﹀簱錛屽浘褰㈠簱錛岀綉緇滃簱絳夈?/p>
緙栬瘧C++涓嶧ortran
GCC 鏄?GNU 緙栬瘧鍣ㄩ泦鍚堬紙GNU Compiler Collection錛夌殑棣栧瓧姣嶇緝鍐欒瘝銆侴NU 緙栬瘧鍣ㄩ泦鍚堝寘鍚?C錛孋++錛孫bjective-C錛孎ortran錛孞ava 鍜?Ada 鐨勫墠绔互鍙?qiáng)杩欎簺璇a瀵瑰簲鐨勫簱錛坙ibstdc++錛宭ibgcj錛?#8230;…錛夈?/p>
鍓嶉潰鎴戜滑鍙秹鍙?qiáng)鍒?C 璇█錛岄偅涔堝浣曠敤 gcc 緙栬瘧鍏朵粬璇█鍛紵鏈妭灝嗙畝鍗曚粙緇?C++ 鍜?Fortran 緙栬瘧鐨勪緥瀛愩?/p>
棣栧厛鎴戜滑灝濊瘯緙栬瘧綆鍗曠殑 C++ 鐨勭粡鍏哥▼搴?Hello world錛?/p>
#include <iostream>
int main(int argc,char *argv[])
{
std::cout << "hello, world\n";
return 0;
}
灝嗘枃浠朵繚瀛樹負(fù)‘hello.cpp’錛岀敤 gcc 緙栬瘧錛岀粨鏋滃涓嬶細(xì)
$ gcc -Wall hello.cpp -o hello
/tmp/cch6oUy9.o: In function `__static_initialization_and_destruction_0(int, int)':
hello.cpp:(.text+0x23): undefined reference to `std::ios_base::Init::Init()'
/tmp/cch6oUy9.o: In function `__tcf_0':
hello.cpp:(.text+0x6c): undefined reference to `std::ios_base::Init::~Init()'
/tmp/cch6oUy9.o: In function `main':
hello.cpp:(.text+0x8e): undefined reference to `std::cout'
hello.cpp:(.text+0x93): undefined reference to `std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >& std::operator<<
<std::char_traits<char> >(std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >&, char const*)'
/tmp/cch6oUy9.o:(.eh_frame+0x11): undefined reference to `__gxx_personality_v0'
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
鍑洪敊浜嗭紒錛佽屼笖閿欒榪樺緢澶氾紝寰堥毦鐪嬫噦錛岃繖鍙庝箞鍔炲憿錛熷湪瑙i噴涔嬪墠錛屾垜浠厛璇曡瘯涓嬮潰鐨勫懡浠わ細(xì)
$ gcc -Wall hello.cpp -o hello -lstdc++
鍣紝鍔犱笂-lstdc++閫夐」鍚庯紝緙栬瘧绔熺劧閫氳繃浜嗭紝鑰屼笖娌℃湁浠諱綍璀﹀憡銆傝繍琛岀▼搴忥紝緇撴灉濡備笅錛?/p>
$ ./hello
hello, world
閫氳繃涓婅妭錛屾垜浠彲浠ョ煡閬擄紝-lstdc++ 閫夐」鐢ㄦ潵閫氱煡閾炬帴鍣ㄩ摼鎺ラ潤鎬佸簱 libstdc++.a銆傝屼粠瀛楅潰涓婂彲浠ョ湅鍑猴紝libstdc++.a 鏄疌++ 鐨勬爣鍑嗗簱錛岃繖鏍蜂竴鏉ワ紝涓婇潰鐨勯棶棰樻垜浠氨涓嶉毦鐞嗚В浜嗏攢鈹緙栬瘧 C++ 紼嬪簭錛岄渶瑕侀摼鎺?C++ 鐨勫嚱鏁板簱 libstdc++.a銆?/p>
緙栬瘧 C 鐨勬椂鍊欐垜浠笉闇瑕佹寚瀹?C 鐨勫嚱鏁板簱錛屼負(fù)浠涔?C++ 瑕佹寚瀹氬憿錛熻繖鏄敱浜庢棭鏈?gcc 鏄寚 GNU 鐨?C 璇█緙栬瘧鍣紙GNU C Compiler錛夛紝闅忕潃 C++錛孎ortran 絳夎璦鐨勫姞鍏ワ紝gcc鐨勫惈涔夋墠鍙樺寲鎴愪簡 GNU 緙栬瘧鍣ㄩ泦鍚堬紙GNU Compiler Collection錛夈侰浣滀負(fù) gcc 鐨勫師鐢熻璦錛屾晠緙栬瘧鏃朵笉闇棰濆鐨勯夐」銆?/p>
涓嶈繃騫歌繍鐨勬槸錛?strong style="color: black; background-color: #a0ffff">GCC 鍖呭惈涓撻棬涓?C++ 銆丗ortran 絳夎璦鐨勭紪璇戝櫒鍓嶇銆備簬鏄紝涓婇潰鐨勪緥瀛愶紝鎴戜滑鍙互鐩存帴鐢ㄥ涓嬪懡浠ょ紪璇戯細(xì)
$ g++ -Wall hello.cpp -o hello
GCC 鐨?C++ 鍓嶇鏄?g++錛岃?Fortran 鐨勬儏鍐靛垯鏈夌偣澶嶆潅錛氬湪 gcc-4.0 鐗堟湰涔嬪墠錛孎ortran 鍓嶇鏄?g77錛岃?strong style="color: black; background-color: #a0ffff">gcc-4.0涔嬪悗鐨勭増鏈搴旂殑 Fortran 鍓嶇鍒欐敼涓?gfortran銆備笅闈㈡垜浠厛鍐欎竴涓畝鍗曠殑 Fortran 紺轟緥紼嬪簭錛?/p>
C Fortran 紺轟緥紼嬪簭
PROGRAM HELLOWORLD
WRITE(*,10)
10 FORMAT('hello, world')
END PROGRAM HELLOWORLD
灝嗘枃浠朵繚瀛?#8216;hello.f’錛岀敤 GCC 鐨?Fortran 鍓嶇緙栬瘧榪愯璇ユ枃浠?/p>
$ gfortran -Wall hello.f -o hello
$ ./hello
hello, world
鎴戜滑宸茬粡鐭ラ亾錛岀洿鎺ョ敤 gcc 鏉ョ紪璇?C++ 鏃訛紝闇瑕侀摼鎺?C++ 鏍囧噯搴擄紝閭d箞鐢?gcc 緙栬瘧 Fortran鏃訛紝鍛戒護(hù)璇ユ庝箞鍐欏憿錛?/p>
$ gcc -Wall hello.f -o helloworld -lgfortran -lgfortranbegin
娉ㄦ剰錛氫笂闈㈣繖鏉″懡浠や笌 gfortran 鍓嶇鏄瓑浠風(fēng)殑錛坓77 涓庢紼嶆湁涓嶅悓錛夈傚叾涓簱鏂囦歡 libgfortranbegin.a (閫氳繃鍛戒護(hù)琛岄夐」 -lgfortranbegin 琚皟鐢? 鍖呭惈榪愯鍜岀粓姝竴涓?Fortran 紼嬪簭鎵蹇呴』鐨勫紑濮嬪拰閫鍑轟唬鐮併傚簱鏂囦歡 libgfortran.a 鍖呭惈 Fortran 搴曞眰鐨勮緭鍏ヨ緭鍑虹瓑鎵闇瑕佺殑榪愯鍑芥暟銆?/p>
瀵逛簬 g77 鏉ヨ錛屼笅闈袱鏉″懡浠ゆ槸絳変環(huán)鐨勶紙娉ㄦ剰鍒?g77 瀵瑰簲鐨?gcc 鏄?4.0 涔嬪墠鐨勭増鏈級錛?/p>
$ g77 -Wall hello.f -o hello
$ gcc-3.4 -Wall hello.f -o hello -lfrtbegin -lg2c
鍛戒護(hù)琛屼腑鐨勪袱涓簱鏂囦歡鍒嗗埆鍖呭惈 Fortran 鐨勫紑濮嬪拰閫鍑轟唬鐮佷互鍙?Fortran 搴曞眰鐨勮繍琛屽嚱鏁般?/p>

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