liuliang — Fri, 04 May 2012 01:41:00 GMT

1、错误原因：
date�c�d��不能包含�U�以后的�_�ֺ��?
如日期：2010-01-01 20:02:20.0

解决�Ҏ(gu��)��Q�将日期�U�以后的�_�ֺ�去除
如日期：2010-01-01 20:02:20

2、INSERT INTO TEST2 (C1, C2,c3) VALUES (${v1},${v2},to_date(${v3},'yyyy-mm-dd'));
oracle里面不需要以“�Q?#8221;�l�尾�?/p>

3、修�Ҏ(gu��)��据库日期格式�Q?br />alter session set nls_date_format='yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss'

�q�个命��o的适用范围�Q�是修改当前SESSION�Q�另外这不能修改�W�三方工��L(f��ng)��日期格式�Q�如�Q�PL/SQL DEVELOPER需要在Tools->Preferences->User Interface->Date/Time下修�Ҏ(gu��)��式即可，�W�三方工��L(f��ng)��日期格式在工具内部自己去讄��Q�我估计你也应该在第三方工具下才会看到这��L(f��ng)��效果�Q�一般默认情况下ORACLE默认的日期格式不是这��L(f��ng)��?/p>

在默认的sqlplus或者sqlplusw下或者程序编写过�E�中�Q�执行该命��o后，如果是同一个session是肯定会产生你要的效果�?/p>

如果要将整体的数据库�U�别默认格式�Ҏ(gu��)��需要修改参数文�Ӟ��q��启数据库才可以，但是�q�个也改不掉你第三方工具的显�C�格式，�W�三方工具只能在工具内部��L��Q�它只能�Ҏ(gu��)��默认的日期格式，�W�三方工具都是�{换后的；但是很多时候容易被工具所忽�?zh��n)��Q�给人的感觉��是数据库就是这样存储的�Q�其实存储的只有日期格式�Q�没有YYYYMM�q�些东西�Q�这些东襉K��是通过��法计算出来的结果，然后�Ҏ(gu��)��格式要求�q�行对应的格式化�l�看到的�q�样的效果而已�?/p>

4、INSERT INTO TEST2 (C1, C2,c3) VALUES ('1',1,to_date('2010-12-27 00:00:00','yyyy-mm-dd')) 不可�?br />INSERT INTO TEST2 (C1, C2,c3) VALUES (1,1,to_date('2010-12-27 00:00:00','yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss')) 可以
to_date是类型�{换，不是格式转换�Q�字�W�串和后面的格式要匹配；to_char才是转成对应格式�Q?/p>

oracle日期格式�ȝ��在oracle中处理日期大�?/p>

TO_DATE格式
Day:
dd number 12
dy abbreviated fri
day spelled out friday
ddspth spelled out, ordinal twelfth
Month:
mm number 03
mon abbreviated mar
month spelled out march
Year:
yy two digits 98
yyyy four digits 1998

24��时格式下时间范围�ؓ�Q?0:00:00 - 23:59:59....
12��时格式下时间范围�ؓ�Q?1:00:00 - 12:59:59 ....
1.
日期和字�W��{换函数用法（to_date,to_char�Q?/p>

2.
select to_char( to_date(222,'J'),'Jsp') from dual

昄��Two Hundred Twenty-Two

3.
求某天是星期�?
select to_char(to_date('2002-08-26','yyyy-mm-dd'),'day') from dual;
星期一
select to_char(to_date('2002-08-26','yyyy-mm-dd'),'day','NLS_DATE_LANGUAGE = American') from dual;
monday
讄��日期语言
ALTER SESSION SET NLS_DATE_LANGUAGE='AMERICAN';
也可以这�?
TO_DATE ('2002-08-26', 'YYYY-mm-dd', 'NLS_DATE_LANGUAGE = American')

4.
两个日期间的天数
select floor(sysdate - to_date('20020405','yyyymmdd')) from dual;

5. 旉��为null的用�?
select id, active_date from table1
UNION
select 1, TO_DATE(null) from dual;

注意要用TO_DATE(null)

6.
a_date between to_date('20011201','yyyymmdd') and to_date('20011231','yyyymmdd')
那么12�?1号中�?2点之后和12�?��L(f��ng)��12点之前是不包含在�q�个范围之内的�?
所以，当时间需要精��的时候，觉得to_char�q�是必要�?
7. 日期格式冲突问题
输入的格式要看你安装的ORACLE字符集的�c�d��, 比如: US7ASCII, date格式的类型就�? '01-Jan-01'
alter system set NLS_DATE_LANGUAGE = American
alter session set NLS_DATE_LANGUAGE = American
或者在to_date中写
select to_char(to_date('2002-08-26','yyyy-mm-dd'),'day','NLS_DATE_LANGUAGE = American') from dual;
注意我这只是举了NLS_DATE_LANGUAGE�Q�当然还有很多，
可查�?
select * from nls_session_parameters
select * from V$NLS_PARAMETERS

8.
select count(*)
from ( select rownum-1 rnum
from all_objects
where rownum <= to_date('2002-02-28','yyyy-mm-dd') - to_date('2002-
02-01','yyyy-mm-dd')+1
)
where to_char( to_date('2002-02-01','yyyy-mm-dd')+rnum-1, 'D' )
not
in ( '1', '7' )

查找2002-02-28�?002-02-01间除星期一和七的天�?
在前后分别调用DBMS_UTILITY.GET_TIME, 让后��结果相�?得到的是1/100�U? 而不是毫�U?.

9.
select months_between(to_date('01-31-1999','MM-DD-YYYY'),
to_date('12-31-1998','MM-DD-YYYY')) "MONTHS" FROM DUAL;
1

select months_between(to_date('02-01-1999','MM-DD-YYYY'),
to_date('12-31-1998','MM-DD-YYYY')) "MONTHS" FROM DUAL;

1.03225806451613
10. Next_day的用�?
Next_day(date, day)

Monday-Sunday, for format code DAY
Mon-Sun, for format code DY
1-7, for format code D

11
select to_char(sysdate,'hh:mi:ss') TIME from all_objects
注意�Q�第一条记录的TIME 与最后一行是一��L(f��ng)��
可以建立一个函数来处理�q�个问题
create or replace function sys_date return date is
begin
return sysdate;
end;

select to_char(sys_date,'hh:mi:ss') from all_objects;
12.
获得��时�?/p>

SELECT EXTRACT(HOUR FROM TIMESTAMP '2001-02-16 2:38:40') from offer
SQL> select sysdate ,to_char(sysdate,'hh') from dual;

SYSDATE TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'HH')
-------------------- ---------------------
2003-10-13 19:35:21 07

SQL> select sysdate ,to_char(sysdate,'hh24') from dual;

SYSDATE TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'HH24')
-------------------- -----------------------
2003-10-13 19:35:21 19

获取�q�月日与此类�?
13.
�q�月日的处理
select older_date,
newer_date,
years,
months,
abs(
trunc(
newer_date-
add_months( older_date,years*12+months )
)
) days
from ( select
trunc(months_between( newer_date, older_date )/12) YEARS,
mod(trunc(months_between( newer_date, older_date )),
12 ) MONTHS,
newer_date,
older_date
from ( select hiredate older_date,
add_months(hiredate,rownum)+rownum newer_date
from emp )
)

14.
处理月䆾天数不定的办�?
select to_char(add_months(last_day(sysdate) +1, -2), 'yyyymmdd'),last_day(sysdate) from dual

16.
扑և�今年的天�?
select add_months(trunc(sysdate,'year'), 12) - trunc(sysdate,'year') from dual

闰年的处理方�?
to_char( last_day( to_date('02' || :year,'mmyyyy') ), 'dd' )
如果�?8��׃��是闰�q?/p>

17.
yyyy与rrrr的区�?
'YYYY99 TO_C
------- ----
yyyy 99 0099
rrrr 99 1999
yyyy 01 0001
rrrr 01 2001

18.不同时区的处�?
select to_char( NEW_TIME( sysdate, 'GMT','EST'), 'dd/mm/yyyy hh:mi:ss') ,sysdate
from dual;

19.
5�U�钟一个间�?
Select TO_DATE(FLOOR(TO_CHAR(sysdate,'SSSSS')/300) * 300,'SSSSS') ,TO_CHAR(sysdate,'SSSSS')
from dual

2002-11-1 9:55:00 35786
SSSSS表示5位秒�?/p>

20.
一�q�的�W�几�?
select TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'DDD'),sysdate from dual
310 2002-11-6 10:03:51

21.计算��时,�?�U?毫秒
select
Days,
A,
TRUNC(A*24) Hours,
TRUNC(A*24*60 - 60*TRUNC(A*24)) Minutes,
TRUNC(A*24*60*60 - 60*TRUNC(A*24*60)) Seconds,
TRUNC(A*24*60*60*100 - 100*TRUNC(A*24*60*60)) mSeconds
from
(
select
trunc(sysdate) Days,
sysdate - trunc(sysdate) A
from dual
)

select * from tabname
order by decode(mode,'FIFO',1,-1)*to_char(rq,'yyyymmddhh24miss');

//
floor((date2-date1) /365) 作�ؓ�q?
floor((date2-date1, 365) /30) 作�ؓ�?
mod(mod(date2-date1, 365), 30)作�ؓ�?
23.next_day函数
next_day(sysdate,6)是从当前开始下一个星期五。后面的数字是从星期日开始算赗��?
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
�?一 �?�?�?�?�?/p>

oracle中有很多关于日期的函�?/p>

在oracle中有很多关于日期的函敎ͼ�如：
1、add_months()用于从一个日期值增加或减少一些月�?
date_value:=add_months(date_value,number_of_months)
例：
SQL> select add_months(sysdate,12) "Next Year" from dual;

Next Year
----------
13-11�?04

SQL> select add_months(sysdate,112) "Last Year" from dual;

Last Year
----------
13-3�?-13

SQL>

2、current_date()�q�回当前会放时区中的当前日期
date_value:=current_date
SQL> column sessiontimezone for a15
SQL> select sessiontimezone,current_date from dual;

SESSIONTIMEZONE CURRENT_DA
--------------- ----------
+08:00 13-11�?03

SQL> alter session set time_zone='-11:00'
2 /

会话已更攏V�?/p>

SQL> select sessiontimezone,current_timestamp from dual;

SESSIONTIMEZONE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
--------------- ------------------------------------
-11:00 12-11�?03 04.59.13.668000 下午 -11:
00

SQL>

3、current_timestamp()以timestamp with time zone数据�c�d��q�回当前会放时区中的当前日期
timestamp_with_time_zone_value:=current_timestamp([timestamp_precision])
SQL> column sessiontimezone for a15
SQL> column current_timestamp format a36
SQL> select sessiontimezone,current_timestamp from dual;

SESSIONTIMEZONE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
--------------- ------------------------------------
+08:00 13-11�?03 11.56.28.160000 上午 +08:
00

SQL> alter session set time_zone='-11:00'
2 /

会话已更攏V�?/p>

SQL> select sessiontimezone,current_timestamp from dual;

SESSIONTIMEZONE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
--------------- ------------------------------------
-11:00 12-11�?03 04.58.00.243000 下午 -11:
00

SQL>

4、dbtimezone()�q�回时区
varchar_value:=dbtimezone
SQL> select dbtimezone from dual;

DBTIME
------
-07:00

SQL>

5、extract()扑և�日期或间隔值的字段�?
date_value:=extract(date_field from [datetime_value|interval_value])
SQL> select extract(month from sysdate) "This Month" from dual;

This Month
----------
11

SQL> select extract(year from add_months(sysdate,36)) "3 Years Out" from dual;

3 Years Out
-----------
2006

SQL>

6、last_day()�q�回包含了日期参数的月䆾的最后一天的日期
date_value:=last_day(date_value)
SQL> select last_day(date'2000-02-01') "Leap Yr?" from dual;

Leap Yr?
----------
29-2�?-00

SQL> select last_day(sysdate) "Last day of this month" from dual;

Last day o
----------
30-11�?03

SQL>

7、localtimestamp()�q�回会话中的日期和时�?
timestamp_value:=localtimestamp
SQL> column localtimestamp format a28
SQL> select localtimestamp from dual;

LOCALTIMESTAMP
----------------------------
13-11�?03 12.09.15.433000
下午

SQL> select localtimestamp,current_timestamp from dual;

LOCALTIMESTAMP CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
---------------------------- ------------------------------------
13-11�?03 12.09.31.006000 13-11�?03 12.09.31.006000 下午 +08:
下午 00

SQL> alter session set time_zone='-11:00';

会话已更攏V�?/p>

SQL> select localtimestamp,to_char(sysdate,'DD-MM-YYYY HH:MI:SS AM') "SYSDATE" from dual;

LOCALTIMESTAMP SYSDATE
---------------------------- ------------------------
12-11�?03 05.11.31.259000 13-11-2003 12:11:31 下午
下午

SQL>

8、months_between()判断两个日期之间的月份数�?
number_value:=months_between(date_value,date_value)
SQL> select months_between(sysdate,date'1971-05-18') from dual;

MONTHS_BETWEEN(SYSDATE,DATE'1971-05-18')
----------------------------------------
389.855143

SQL> select months_between(sysdate,date'2001-01-01') from dual;

MONTHS_BETWEEN(SYSDATE,DATE'2001-01-01')
----------------------------------------
34.4035409

SQL>

9、next_day()�l�定一个日期��|��q�回��q��二个参数指出的日子第一�ơ出现在的日期��|��应返回相应日子的名称字符�Ԍ��

與周盔R��日期函數

1.查询某周的第一�?br />select trunc(decode(ww, 53, to_date(yy || '3112', 'yyyyddmm'), to_date(yy || '-' || to_char(ww * 7), 'yyyy-ddd')), 'd') last_day
from (select substr('2004-32', 1, 4) yy, to_number(substr('2004-32', 6)) ww
from dual)

select trunc(to_date(substr('2003-01',1,5)||to_char((to_number(substr('2003-01',6)))*7),'yyyy-ddd'),'d')-6 first_day from dual

select min(v_date) from
(select (to_date('200201','yyyymm') + rownum) v_date
from all_tables
where rownum < 370)
where to_char(v_date,'yyyy-iw') = '2002-49'

2.查询某周的最后一�?br />select trunc(decode(ww, 53, to_date(yy || '3112', 'yyyyddmm'), to_date(yy || '-' || to_char(ww * 7), 'yyyy-ddd')), 'd') - 6 first_day
from (select substr('2004-33', 1, 4) yy, to_number(substr('2004-33', 6)) ww
from dual)

select trunc(to_date(substr('2003-01',1,5)||to_char((to_number(substr('2003-01',6)))*7),'yyyy-ddd'),'d') last_day from dual

select max(v_date) from
(select (to_date('200408','yyyymm') + rownum) v_date
from all_tables
where rownum < 370)
where to_char(v_date,'yyyy-iw') = '2004-33'

3.查询某周的日�?br />select min_date, to_char(min_date,'day') day from
(select to_date(substr('2004-33',1,4)||'001'+rownum-1,'yyyyddd') min_date
from all_tables
where rownum <= decode(mod(to_number(substr('2004-33',1,4)),4),0,366,365)
union

select to_date(substr('2004-33',1,4)-1||
decode(mod(to_number(substr('2004-33',1,4))-1,4),0,359,358)+rownum,'yyyyddd') min_date
from all_tables
where rownum <= 7
union

select to_date(substr('2004-33',1,4)+1||'001'+rownum-1,'yyyyddd') min_date
from all_tables
where rownum <= 7
)
where to_char(min_date,'yyyy-iw') ='2004-33'

oracle中时间运��?/p>

论坛中常常看到有对oracle中时间运��提问的问题�Q�今天有旉��Q�看了看以前各位兄弟的脓(chu��ng)子，整理了一下，�q�作了个�C�Z��Q�希望会对大家有帮助�?
首先感谢ern、eric.li及各版主�q�有热心的兄弟们

内容如下�Q?
1、oracle支持�Ҏ(gu��)��期进行运��?
2、日期运��时是以天�ؓ单位�q�行�?
3、当需要以分秒�{�更��的单位��值时�Q�按旉��q�制�q�行转换卛_��
4、进行时间进制�{换时注意加括��P��见示例中�U�色括号�Q�，否则会出问题

SQL> alter session set nls_date_format='yyyy-mm-dd hh:mi:ss';

会话已更攏V�?/p>

SQL> set serverout on
SQL> declare
2 DateValue date;
3 begin
4 select sysdate into DateValue from dual;
5 dbms_output.put_line('源时�?'||to_char(DateValue));
6 dbms_output.put_line('源时间减1�?'||to_char(DateValue-1));
7 dbms_output.put_line('源时间减1�?��时:'||to_char(DateValue-1-1/24));
8 dbms_output.put_line('源时间减1�?��时1�?'||to_char(DateValue-1-1/24-1/(24*60)));
9 dbms_output.put_line('源时间减1�?��时1�?�U?'||to_char(DateValue-1-1/24-1/(24*60)-1/(24*60*6
0)));
10 end;
11 /
源时�?2003-12-29 11:53:41
源时间减1�?2003-12-28 11:53:41
源时间减1�?��时:2003-12-28 10:53:41
源时间减1�?��时1�?2003-12-28 10:52:41
源时间减1�?��时1�?�U?2003-12-28 10:52:40

PL/SQL �q�程已成功完成�?/p>

liuliang 2012-05-04 09:41 发表评论

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